社會保障制度作為“社會安全網”和“減震器”,是緩解社會矛盾、維護社會公平的一個重要手段。縱觀世界各國,凡是和諧的社會都必然有一個比較完善的社保制度。社會保障是國家面向全體國民、依法實施的具有經濟福利性的各項保障措施的統稱,使用經濟手段解決社會問題進而實現特定政治目標的重大制度安排,是維護社會公平、促進人民福祉和實現國民共享發展成果的基本制度保障。在中國,社會保障體系由社會救助、社會保險、社會福利三大系統及商業保險、慈善事業等補充保障構成。其中,社會救助是整個社會保障制度的基礎性安排,旨在免除國民生存危機,保障國民的起碼生活,避免困難群體陷入絕境;各項社會保險構成整個社會保障體系的主體,旨在解除勞動者的后顧之憂,增進勞動福利,同時促進勞動關系的和諧、穩定;而社會福利系統則是滿足國民特定生活需求,并實現全體國民參與分享國家發展成果的基本途徑。從德國1883年創建現代社會保險制度,到美國1935年通過社會保障法案,再到英國在20世紀40年代末創建福利國家,100多年來,可以發現這樣一個有目共睹的現象,即凡是追求社會保障制度健全、完備的國家,都是能夠獲得持續、健康發展的國家。因此社會保障制度不僅是經濟社會協調、持續發展的客觀基礎,而且是經濟持續發展與社會和諧發展的必要條件。 關鍵詞:社會保障制度 ; 和諧社會 ; 可持續發展 ; 健全 ; ABSTRACT The social security system as a "social safety net" and "shock absorber" is to alleviate social contradictions, and safeguarding social justice, an important means. Throughout the world, whenever a harmonious society is bound to a relatively sound social security system. Social security is the country for all citizens according to law, the implementation of economic welfare of the safeguards referred to, the use of economic means to solve social problems and thus to achieve specific political goals, a major institutional arrangements, is to maintain social justice, promote people's well-being and realization of share the fruits of development of national basic institutional guarantee. In China, The social security system consists of social assistance, social insurance, social welfare, the three systems and commercial insurance, philanthropy, and so constitute a supplementary protection. Among them, social assistance is the whole social security system is based on arrangements, designed to relieve the crisis of national survival, to protect citizens a decent living, to avoid the disadvantaged groups in dire straits; the various social insurance constitutes the main body of the whole social security system, designed to lift workers worries, increase labor welfare, while promoting harmonious labor relations, and stability; while social welfare system is to meet the specific needs of life for citizens and to achieve participation of all citizens share the country's development into a Fruit of the basic approach. From Germany in 1883 to create a modern social insurance system, the United States in 1935 through the Social Security Act, to the British in the 20th century, the late 40s to create a welfare state, more than 100 years, you can find such an obvious phenomenon, namely, those who pursue the social security system sound and complete state, are able to obtain sustained and healthy development of the country. Therefore, the social security system is not only economic and social coordination, the objective of sustainable development based and sustained economic development and social harmonious development of the necessary conditions. Keywords: social security systems ; a harmonious society ; sustainable development ; sound ;目 錄 引 言 2 一 和諧社會的重要性與社會保障的含義 2 (一)、和諧社會的重要性 2 (二)、我國社會保障的概念 2 (三)、社會保障建立的原則 2 (四)、社會保障的分類 3 二 和諧社會與社會保障的發展 3 (一)、社保制度的產生和發展 3 (二)、社保制度是促進社會和諧發展的必由之路 3 (三)、完善的社保制度是構建和諧社會的穩定器 4 (四)、我國社會保障的未來發展 4 三 社會保障的功能 4 (一)、社會保障有利于建立良好穩定的社會秩序 4 (二)、保證勞動在生產力,促進社會經濟的穩定發展 5 (三)、保證社會的公平 7 結 論 9 致 謝 10 參考文獻 11