液壓鉚槍系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械論文編號(hào):JX396  論文字?jǐn)?shù):18930.頁數(shù):51

目    錄

目    錄 1
引  言 4
1  液壓鉚槍原理圖的擬訂 6
2  工作油缸及增壓油缸設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1 系統(tǒng)工作壓力的選擇及工作油缸缸徑的確定 7
2.1.1壓力的選擇分析 7
2.1.2工作油缸內(nèi)徑以及油壓的確定 9
2.2 活塞桿設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 9
2.2.1活塞桿直徑計(jì)算 9
2.2.2活塞桿強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算 10
2.3 活塞寬度計(jì)算 10
2.4 活塞與活塞桿連接結(jié)構(gòu) 10
2.5 活塞行程的確定 11
2.5.1確定工作活塞的行程 11
2.5.2計(jì)算增壓活塞行程 11
2.6 增壓缸內(nèi)徑的確定 15
2.7 計(jì)算增壓倍數(shù)K 15
2.8 油缸壁厚及油缸外徑的計(jì)算 16
2.8.1計(jì)算工作油缸壁厚 16
2.8.2計(jì)算增壓缸壁厚 16
2.8.3油缸外徑計(jì)算 16
2.9 保壓時(shí)間的驗(yàn)算 16
2.10 計(jì)算活塞的回程速度及工作周期時(shí)間計(jì)算 18
2.10.1計(jì)算活塞回程速度 18
2.10.2工作周期時(shí)間計(jì)算 18
2.11 閥的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 19
2.11.1順序閥主要尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 19
2.11.2順序閥彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 20
2.12 確定液壓缸油口的尺寸 22
2.13 液壓缸端蓋設(shè)計(jì) 22
2.13.1增壓缸底厚度計(jì)算 22
2.13.2工作缸缸底厚度計(jì)算 22
2.13.3工作缸缸蓋厚度計(jì)算 23
2.14 端蓋連接的計(jì)算校核 24
2.14.1工作缸缸底的焊接聯(lián)接計(jì)算 24
2.14.2 工作缸端蓋螺紋連接的計(jì)算 24
2.14.3工作缸缸底螺紋連接計(jì)算 25
2.14.4增壓缸缸底螺紋連接計(jì)算 26
2.15 液壓缸的密封設(shè)計(jì) 27
2.15.1工作油缸密封設(shè)計(jì) 28
2.15.2增壓缸密封設(shè)計(jì) 28
2.15.3液壓缸其它部分的密封設(shè)計(jì) 28
3  泵站傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 28
3.1 計(jì)算液壓缸工作所需要的流量 28
3.2 液壓泵的選擇 28
3.2.1確定系統(tǒng)的最高工作壓力 28
3.2.2液壓泵的選擇 29
3.3 確定泵的驅(qū)動(dòng)功率 29
3.4 電機(jī)的選擇 29
3.5 連軸器的選擇 30
4  元件的選擇和計(jì)算 30
4.1 閥的選擇 30
4.1.1溢流閥的選擇 30
4.1.2電磁換向閥的選擇 30
4.2 儀表的選擇 30
4.3 液壓油的選擇 31
4.4 管路的選擇和計(jì)算 31
4.5 濾油器的選擇 32
5 油箱設(shè)計(jì) 33
5.1 油箱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 33
5.2 油箱尺寸計(jì)算 34
5.2.1計(jì)算油箱的有效容積 34
5.2.2計(jì)算油箱尺寸 34
5.3 油的加熱 35
6  液壓系統(tǒng)性能驗(yàn)算 36
6.1 系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱升溫計(jì)算 36
6.1.1計(jì)算發(fā)熱功率 36
6.1.2油箱散熱計(jì)算 38
6.1.3冷卻器的選擇 39
6.2 驗(yàn)算回油路中壓力損失 40
6.2.1沿層壓力損失計(jì)算 41
6.2.2局部壓力損失計(jì)算 42
7  槍身強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算 44
7.1 計(jì)算截面受到的軸向力相應(yīng)的正應(yīng)力 45
7.2 計(jì)算危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)受到的彎曲正應(yīng)力 46
7.3 危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)受到的彎拉組合應(yīng)力 47
7.4 槍身強(qiáng)度校核 47
8  系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試及使用說明 47
8.1 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試步驟 48
8.2 鉚接的操作規(guī)程 48
8.3 使用注意事項(xiàng) 48
9  結(jié)論 49
謝  辭 50
參考文獻(xiàn) 51

摘  要

液壓鉚槍被廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、船舶、鍋爐、橋梁、建筑等行業(yè)。傳統(tǒng)的液壓鉚槍采用普通的液壓泵，液壓缸體積大，太笨重，而且液壓泵流量大、功率損失也大。如采用超高壓的液壓泵雖然能降低液壓缸直徑，然而液壓泵造價(jià)高，系統(tǒng)密封困難，油管又粗又硬使用不方便，并且同樣存在鉚接質(zhì)量差、工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高、工作環(huán)境惡劣等問題。提高鉚接質(zhì)量、減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、改善工作環(huán)境已成為迫切需要解決的問題，為此我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了此液壓鉚槍。
本文針對(duì)車輛車架的鉚接，進(jìn)行了液壓鉚槍及其系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。擬訂了液壓鉚槍系統(tǒng)的工作原理圖。通過對(duì)液壓缸的工作壓力及內(nèi)徑的計(jì)算和選擇，確定了液壓缸的缸壁厚度、外徑、液壓缸端蓋與油口尺寸等主要參數(shù)，并對(duì)液壓缸的端蓋連接和活塞桿強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了校核；通過對(duì)液壓鉚槍系統(tǒng)的泵站傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，選擇了液壓鉚槍系統(tǒng)的齒輪泵、電機(jī)、閥、儀表、管道等元件；通過對(duì)油箱的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，確定了油箱的外形尺寸，選擇了油箱的過濾器、加熱及冷卻裝置。最后進(jìn)行了液壓系統(tǒng)性能驗(yàn)算及槍身強(qiáng)度校核。
本設(shè)計(jì)采用了液壓缸與增壓器合為一體的內(nèi)部增壓變力液壓缸。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的液壓缸超高壓只在工作液壓缸內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生，不波及油管，使整套系統(tǒng)密封簡單，實(shí)現(xiàn)了小液壓泵站驅(qū)動(dòng)大作用力液壓缸的目的。

關(guān)鍵詞：液壓鉚槍；增壓缸；鉚接

Abstract

The hydraulic pressure riveter is widely applied to automobile, ships, boiler, bridge, building，and so on. The traditional hydraulic pressure riveter uses the ordinary high-pressured fluid pump, the cylinder body is big, unwieldy, and moreover the current capacity of fluid pumps is big, the power loses in a big way，too. If we use the ultrahigh pressure fluid pump, although we can reduce the cylinder diameter, the fluid pump construction cost is high, the system seal is difficult, the drill tubing thick and hardly doesn’t conveniently for use, and it is existence riveted joint quality is bad, the labor working intensity is high, the working conditions is bad, and so on. To improve the riveted joint quality, reduce the labor working intensity and improve the working conditions, we designed this hydraulic riveting equipment.
Aimed at the frame riveted joint hydraulic pressure riveter and its system, we drafted the hydraulic pressure riveter system principle of work. Through choices and calculations the working pressure and the inside diameter of hydraulic cylinder, we had determined hydraulic cylinder wall thickness and the outer diameter, the end cover and the oil hole size of the hydraulic cylinder and so on, and has carried on the examination to the end cover connection and the piston rod intensity of hydraulic cylinder. Through design and calculation the pumping station and the transmission system of the hydraulic pressure riveter system, we had chosen hydraulic pressure riveter component, for example gear pump, valves, Measuring appliance, pipeline, filter and so on; Through design and calculation the fuel tank, we had determined the fuel tank external dimensions, chose the fuel tank to heat up and the cooling equipment.
This design has gathered the cylinder and the supercharger is a body formed the interior pressure cylinder. This kind of structure cylinder that ultrahigh pressure is produced in the work cylinder interior, does not affect the tubing, made the system seal to be simple, and it enables the small fluid pumping station to drive the hydraulic cylinder.

Key word: Hydraulic pressure riveter; pressure cylinder; Riveted joint