液壓電梯設計

機械論文編號:JX398  論文字數:14364.頁數:32

目    錄

引言 1
1  電梯發展概況 2
2  電梯的分類 2
2.1 按用途分類 2
2.1.1乘客電梯 2
2.1.2客貨電梯 2
2.1.3醫用電梯 3
2.1.4載貨電梯 3
2.1.5住宅電梯 3
2.1.6特種電梯 3
2.2 按速度分類 3
2.2.1低速電梯 3
2.2.2快速電梯 3
2.2.3高速電梯 3
2.3 按驅動方式分類 3
2.3.1交流電梯 3
2.3.2直流電梯 3
2.3.3齒輪—齒條電梯 3
2.3.4液壓電梯 3
2.3.5斜齒輪電梯 3
2.3.6無齒輪電梯 4
2.4 按電梯控制方式分類 4
2.4.1轎廂內手柄開關控制 4
2.4.2按鈕開關控制 4
2.4.3信號控制 4
2.4.4集選控制 4
2.4.5并聯控制 4
2.4.6梯群程序控制 4
2.4.7智能控制 4
2.5 液壓電梯的基本結構 4
2.5.1泵站系統 4
2.5.2液壓控制系統 5
2.5.3液壓缸及支承系統 5
2.5.4導向系統 5
2.5.5轎廂 5
2.5.6門 5
2.5.7電氣控制系統 5
2.5.8安全保護系統 6
3  設計依據 6
3.1 設計要求 6
3.2 數據 6
4  液壓系統工作原理 6
4.1 系統原理圖 6
4.2 液壓系統圖的工作原理 7
5  工作油缸的設計計算 8
5.1 液壓電梯支承方式 8
5.2 油缸的設計及計算 9
5.2.1電梯柱塞缸的靜載計算 9
5.2.2柱塞直徑的確定 10
5.2.3柱塞的最大外升長度 10
5.2.4受壓穩定校核 10
5.2.5缸筒壁厚計算 11
5.2.6缸底的設計計算 11
5.3 液壓缸的強度校核 12
5.3.1缸筒壁厚校核 12
5.3.2活塞桿直徑校核 13
5.3.3液壓缸蓋固定螺栓直徑校核 13
6  元件的選擇、計算 14
6.1 泵的選擇 14
6.2 電動機的選擇 14
6.3 液壓閥的選擇 15
6.4 油管內徑的選擇 15
6.5 濾油器的選擇 16
7  油箱的設計 16
7.1 油箱的容量設計 16
7.2 油箱的加熱 17
7.3 系統熱平衡計算 17
7.3.1油泵損失產生的熱能 17
7.3.2 通過閥孔時的發熱量 18
7.3.3 系統總發熱量 18
7.3.4油箱的散熱計算 18
7.4 油箱的冷卻設計 18
7.4.1冷卻面積的計算 19
7.4.2需要的冷卻水量 19
7.4.3需要的水管數量n 19
7.4.4確定冷卻器筒體直徑D及筒體長度ｌ 20
8  系統驗算 20
8.1 判斷油流狀態 20
8.2 直管內壓力損失計算 21
8.3 局部壓力損失計算 21
8.4 工作閥門的壓力損失 21
8.5 總壓力損失及壓力效率 22
9  泵站傳動系統的設計 22
9.1 主油泵電動機的選擇 22
9.2 傳動方案的確定 22
9.3 帶傳動的設計、計算 23
9.3.1確定計算功率 23
9.3.2選擇帶型 23
9.3.3確定帶輪的基準直徑和 23
9.3.4確定中心距和帶的基準長度 23
9.3.5驗算主動輪上的包角 23
9.3.6確定帶的跟數Z 24
9.3.7確定帶的預緊力 24
9.3.8計算帶的傳動作用在軸上的力 24
9.4  V帶輪的設計、計算 24
9.5 主油泵傳動中軸的設計、計算 25
9.5.1初步確定軸的最小直徑 26
9.5.2軸承的選擇 26
9.5.3軸的結構設計 26
9.5.4求軸上的載荷 26
9.5.5按彎扭合成應力校核軸的強度 27
9.5.6精確校核軸的疲勞程度 27
9.6 軸承、平鍵的校核 29
9.6.1軸承壽命的計算 29
9.6.2 平鍵的校核 29
10  結論 30
謝  辭 31
參考文獻 32

摘  要
隨著社會經濟的發展和人民生活質量的日益提高，電梯作為一種輕便可靠的運輸工具越來越受到社會的青睞。電梯按其驅動形式可分為交流電梯、直流電梯、齒輪齒條電梯、斜齒輪電梯等。但不論是直流電梯，交流電梯還是斜齒輪等電梯，它們都具有系統結構復雜，機房設置不靈活，故障率高等缺點。為了進一步解決上述問題則需要設計一種在機構特點，技術性能以及建筑結構方面都優異于以上類型的電梯系統，使其在諸多方面都能滿足要求。為此，本文設計了一種靠液壓傳動來驅動的液壓電梯。
本文在國內外研究背景及意義的基礎上，系統闡述了電梯的分類及液壓電梯的基本結構。首先根據液壓電梯系統原理圖，利用機械設計與液壓傳動等方面的知識計算出柱塞的直徑、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并對所得結果進行校核驗證完成了工作油缸的設計；同時進行了元件的選擇和計算；其次，通過系統發熱量的計算和油箱冷卻時需要的冷卻水量的計算完成了液壓電梯油箱的設計；依據系統油流狀態計算出管內壓力損失、局部壓力損失以及總壓力損失進行了系統的驗算；最后通過查閱相關設計手冊對帶、帶輪、軸、以及鍵進行設計計算和校核，完成了液壓電梯的泵站傳動系統的設計。本文設計的液壓電梯在井道利用率、運行平穩性、運作安全性以及經濟實用性等方面相對其它類型的電梯有明顯改進。

關鍵詞：泵站；液壓電梯；安全閥
 

Abstract
 With the social economical development and the lives of the people quality daily enhancement, the elevator is more and more applied as a kind of facile reliable transport. According to its actuation form exchanges the elevator may be divide into the direct-current elevator, the gear rack elevator, the helical gear elevator and so on. But no matter is the direct-current elevator, exchanges elevators, or helical gear elevator and so on, they all have the complex system structure, the engine room’s establishment is not nimble, failure rate higher and so on. In order to further solve the above problems, we need to design one kind in the organization characteristic, for the technical performance and the building structure aspect all outstanding in above types of elevator system, enable it all satisfy to the request of many aspects Therefore, this article has designed one kind the hydraulic pressure elevator which depends on the hydraulic transmission to actuate.
This article in the foundation of domestic and foreign research background and significance, elaborated the elevator classification and the hydraulic pressure elevator basic structure. First according to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, use the machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculates the diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as well as cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examination confirmation to the obtained result to complete the work of cylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choice and the computation; Through to the system calorific capacity computation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tank cools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fuel tank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculated the tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well as the all of the     pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation; Finally through the consult correlation design handbook to calculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, as well as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevator pumping station transmission system design. The hydraulic pressure elevator designs in this article are well use factor it has the obvious improvement in movement stability, operation security as well as economical usability elevators.

Key words：Pumping station ; hydraulic pressure elevator ; Safety valve