汽車液壓轉向試驗臺

機械論文編號:JX399  包括設計圖,論文,外文翻譯,論文字數:16942.頁數:40

目    錄 
1 前言及選題依據 1
2 試驗臺的主要性能指標 4
2.1 試驗臺的主要測試指標 4
2.2 助力器 4
3 試驗臺的油路系統分析 4
4 油路系統符號圖 4
5 元件的選擇與計算 5
5.1 主油泵的選擇 5
5.1.1 計算液壓泵的工作壓力 5
5.1.2 計算液壓泵的流量 5
5.1.3 選擇主油泵 5
5.2 主油泵電機的選擇 5
5.3 油管的選擇 6
5.3.1 計算油管內徑 6
5.3.2 選擇油管 6
5.4 濾油器的選擇 7
5.5 液壓閥的選擇 7
5.5.1 單向閥選擇直通式單向閥，其技術參數如下 7
5.5.2 換向閥選擇三位四通換向閥，其技術參數如下 8
5.5.3 溢流閥選擇先導式溢流閥，其技術參數如下 8
5.5.4 節流閥選擇手動式節流加載閥，其技術參數如下 8
5.6 儀表的選擇 8
5.6.1 選擇壓力表 8
5.6.2 選擇流量計 8
5.6.4 選擇溫度計 8
5.6.5 選擇真空表 8
5.6.6 選擇電時鐘 9
5.6.7 壓力表接頭 9
5.7 液壓油的選擇 9
5.8 快換接頭的選擇 9
5.9 液壓缸的選擇 9
6 油箱的設計 9
6.1 油箱容量的設計 9
6.2 油箱形狀規格的確定 10
6.2.1 油箱的形狀確定 10
6.2.2 油箱的材料和結構 10
6.2.3 油箱吸、回和泄油管的設置 10
6.2.4 油箱隔板、油塞的設置 10
6.2.5 空氣過濾器的選擇 10
6.3 加熱器的選擇 11
6.4 冷卻器的選擇 12
6.4.1 系統發熱量計算 12
6.4.2 選擇冷卻器并且計算冷卻水的流量 13
7 系統壓力損失的驗算 14
7.1 局部壓力損失 14
7.2 沿程壓力損失 14
8 傳動系統的設計計算 15
8.1 傳動方案的比較與選擇 15
8.2 直齒圓錐齒輪的設計 16
8.2.1 選定齒輪的精度等級、材料及齒數 16
8.2.2 按齒面接觸強度設計 16
8.2.3 按齒根彎曲疲勞強度設計 18
8.2.4 齒輪的幾何尺寸計算 19
8.2.5 驗算 20
8.3 齒輪軸的設計 20
8.3.1 求輸入軸的功率，扭矩和作用在齒面上的力 20
8.3.2 初步確定軸的最小直徑 21
8.3.3 軸的扭轉強度校核 21
8.3.4 彎扭合成強度校核 22
8.4 減速器箱體的設計 25
8.4.1 軸承的選用 25
8.4.2 鍵的選用 25
8.4.3 潤滑與密封 26
8.4.4 箱體結構尺寸的確定 26
8.4.5 根據《機械設計課程設計》表4-1確定減速器零件的位置尺寸如下（單位：） 27
8.4.6 減速器附件的選擇 27
9 轉向助力器調試臺架的設計 28
10 試驗臺的使用說明 28
10.1 油泵試驗 28
10.1.1 測試指標 28
10.1.2 測試步驟 28
10.2 助力器試驗 29
10.2.1 測試指標 29
10.2.2 測試步驟 29
11 試驗驗臺經濟性總投資的估算 29
12 結論 31
13 謝詞 31
參考文獻 31

摘  要

在重型汽車轉向系統中，為了減輕駕駛員的勞動強度，增加安全穩定性，廣泛地應用了帶有助力器的液壓轉向系統。汽車的工作條件是比較惡劣的，極易造成液壓系統污染、元件磨損，以致產生故障。而液壓系統的故障具有不易檢查和排除等缺點。目前使用的檢查方法主要有邏輯診斷法、鐵譜技術法、加熱檢測法、用溢流閥檢測故障法、振動測量法和參數測量法等。但邏輯診斷法要求維修人員具有較高的知識水平；鐵譜技術法所使用的設備比較昂貴，不便于推廣；加熱檢測法只能對元件進行粗略的測量；用溢流閥檢測故障法容易造成誤診；振動測量法會加速元件的磨損；參數測量法是目前使用最為廣泛的方法，而試驗臺是參數測量的常用設備，但國內使用的試驗臺多為性能單一的試驗臺，且一般為液壓件生產廠商和研究所專用。為了滿足液壓泵和助力器的測試要求，達到快速診斷的目的，我們設計了該液壓轉向試驗臺。
本文在介紹課題研究的背景及意義的基礎上，對液壓試驗臺各零部件進行了詳細的計算和校核：通過對試驗臺系統原理圖的擬訂，說明了系統的工作原理和操縱方法；通過對系統壓力、流量的計算，選擇了油泵、油管和閥門；通過對系統發熱量的計算，確定了油箱的體積并選擇了加熱器和散熱器；通過對泵站傳動系統的設計，選擇了直齒圓錐齒輪傳動并校核了軸的強度。我們所設計的試驗臺綜合了液壓泵、助力器和液壓閥試驗臺的功能，達到了一機多用的目的。本試驗臺采用節流加載方式符合該系統中低壓、小流量的要求，測試簡單、可靠。

關鍵詞：液壓轉向；助力器；壓力；流量；功率

Abstract
In the heavy type the automobile change direction the system, for easing the pilot's labor strength, increase a safe stability, applied to take a liquid of have the help machine to press to change direction system broadly.The work condition of the automobile is worse, resulting in the liquid press a system pollution,component to wear away easiest, with the result that the creation break down.But the liquid press the breakdown of the system to haven't easy weaknesses such as check and exclusion etc.s.The check method that uses currently has a logic diagnosis method,the iron table technique method,heat the examination method and uses to overflow to flow the valve examination to break down a method,vibration to measure the method and parameter to measure a method mainly etc..But the logic examine a patient the method request to maintain a personnel to have higher knowledge level;The equipments that the iron table technique method use is more expensive, inconvenience in expansion;Heat the examination method can carry on rough diagraph to the component;Use to overflow to flow the valve examination to break down a method to result in a misdiagnosis easily;The vibration diagraph method will accelerate a component to wear away;The parameter diagraph method is currently to use the most extensive method, but experiment set is the in common use equipments that the parameter measure, but the on trial set of the domestic usage is the on trial set of the function one much, and general press a production factory and graduate school appropriation for the liquid.For satisfying the test request that the liquid presses a pump and the help machine, attain the purpose of the fast diagnosis, we designed that liquid to press to change direction on trial set.
This text pressed an on trial pedestal each zero partses to carry on a detailed calculation and the school pit to the liquid in introducing the background of the topic research and the foundation of the meaning:Pass to draw up towards experimenting the pedestal system principle diagram, explain the work principle of the system and manipulate a method;Pass the calculation to the system pressure,discharge, choose the oil pump,pipeline and valve door;Pass the calculation to deliver the calories to system, make sure the physical volume of the fuel tank and choose heating apparatus with spread a hot machine;Pass to spread a design of move the system to the pump station, choose to keep the strength that the gear cone wheel gear spread to move to combine a school to check stalk.The on trial set that we design synthesized a liquid to press the pump,the help machine and liquid to press the function that the valve experiments a pedestal, coming to a the purpose that a machine uses much.Experiment the set adoption to reduce expenses to add to carry a way to match that system originally in low pressure,the request of the small discharge, test simple,dependable.

Keyword:The liquid presses to change direction;Help machine;Pressure;Discharge;Power