氫溴酸法合成 1－溴代正辛烷

化工論文編號:HG222  論文字數:16894,頁數:46

目錄
前言 1
第一部分 文獻綜述 3
1.1 1-溴代正辛烷的性質 10
1.2 1-溴代正辛烷的用途 10
1.3 1-溴代正辛烷的應用 11
1.3.1 安索菌毒清 11
1.3.2 紫外線吸附劑（UV-531） 12
1.4 1-溴代正辛烷的合成方法 17
1.4.1 溴磷法[12] 17
1.4.2 氫溴酸水溶液法 18
1.4.3 溴化鈉-濃硫酸法[16] 19
1.4.4 其他法合成溴代正辛烷 20
1.5 合成方法探討 21
第二部分  實驗 23
2.1 目的與創新 23
2.2 實驗部分 23
2.2.1 原料與試劑 23
2.2.2 實驗儀器及測試條件 25
2.3 實驗步驟 26
2.4 實驗現象 27
第三部分  結果與討論 28
3.1 產品表征 28
3.1.1 產品紅外表征 28
3.1.2 產品色譜分析 29
3.2 單因素實驗 30
3.2.1 正辛醇與氫溴酸摩爾比對反應產率的影響 31
3.2.2 正辛醇與濃硫酸摩爾比對反應產率的影響 32
3.2.3 時間對反應產率的影響 34
3.2.4 放大及重復實驗 35
3.2.5 放大10倍的動力學實驗 37
3.3 結論 38
參考文獻 39
致  謝 41

摘  要
 烷基溴在日用化工和醫藥合成方面有重要用途，其中1-溴代正辛烷是合成農藥殺蟲劑菌毒清的重要中間體，也是合成紫外線吸收劑UV-531的重要原料。
 本實驗采用氫溴酸法，用濃硫酸作催化劑，以正辛醇、工業廢氫溴酸(48%)及濃硫酸為原料，合成1-溴代正辛烷。實驗重點考察了正辛醇與氫溴酸的摩爾比、正辛醇與濃硫酸的摩爾、以及時間分別對反應產率的影響。實驗的較佳合成條件為：正辛醇﹕氫溴酸﹕濃硫酸(摩爾比)為1﹕1.15﹕1.38，反應溫度為110 ℃~115 ℃，反應時間為三小時。實驗所得產品的產率最高可以達到99.0 %。
 用色譜儀和紅外儀對產品進行純度分析和結構表征。色譜結果表明純度為99.0%，證明幾乎無副產物，紅外分析結果證明產品的紅外譜圖與標準譜圖非常接近。
 此種合成方法與傳統的合成方法相比優點在于：反應條件溫和、操作簡單、物料比經濟、產率及純度高達99.0%。因此用該方法合成的產品可以不經過提純直接應用于工業生產UV-531的中間體，即有較好的工業前景。為UV-531的綠色合成提供可靠的參考。
關鍵詞：1-溴代正辛烷，紫外線吸收劑UV-531，氫溴酸法, 2-羥基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮

Alkyl bromides played various important roles in chemical industry concerned with products for daily use and synthesis of medical aspects. Ｎ-octyl bromide was a very important intermediate in the synthesis of Jun-du-tsing. It was also the important materials in the synthesis of UV-531.
 Ｎ-octyl bromide was synthesized by hydrobromic method in which took n-octanol and industrial waste hydrobromic acid(48%) as materials, concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The mole ratio of octanol, hydrobromide，octanol and concentrated sulfuric acid were observed, as well as the impact of time on reaction rate. The best synthetic conditions of the experiment was as follows: octanol﹕hydro- bromide﹕concentrated sulfuric acid (mole Ratio) 1:1.15:1.38, reaction temperature 110 ℃ ~115 ℃, reaction time 3h. The yield of the product was more than 99%.
 Raw product was analyzed by GC and IR for purity analysis and structure characterization. The result showed that the purity of the product was 99%, and also showed that no by-product was generated. IR indicated that the spectrum of the product was the same as the standards.
 Compared with classical methods, this method has the advantages of good material feeding ratio, short reaction time, easy preparation and mild reaction conditions, yield and purity reached to 99.0%. The product can be directly used for produce UV-531 without purification. That shows it has a good industrial prospect. It can provide reliable reference for the green synthesis of UV-531
Key words：n-octyl bromide ，UV-absorber UV-531，Law Hydro bromide 2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone