針對高酸原油選擇適合的破乳劑

化工論文編號:HG223  論文字數(shù):19936,頁數(shù):44

目  錄
1綜述 1
1.1原油組成及破乳劑的作用 1
1.2 原油乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性 3
1.2.1 原油乳狀液的形成 3
1.2.2原油乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性影響因素 5
1.2.3 水存在的形式 8
1.3 破乳劑的作用機理及破乳方法 9
1.3.1 原油破乳劑的作用機理 9
1.3.2破壞乳狀液的方法 10
1.3.3乳狀液的破乳機理 12
1.4原油破乳劑的發(fā)展 12
1.4.1國外破乳劑的發(fā)展 13
1.4.2國內破乳劑的發(fā)展 14
1.5本實驗的意義 21
2實驗部分 23
2.1 實驗儀器 23
2.2 實驗藥品 23
2.3 實驗方法 24
2.3.1 破乳劑的配制 24
2.3.2 實驗過程 24
2.3.3 25
2.4 實驗的影響因素 26
2.4.1溫度對原油脫水效率的影響 26
2.4.2破乳劑用量對原油脫水效率的影響 29
2.4.3 磺酸鹽對原油脫水速率的影響 31
3 結論 33
參考文獻 34
致    謝 37

摘  要

 隨著社會的發(fā)展，各國對石油的需求量與日俱增。而原油生產在油田基本進入三次采油期。隨著油田大量注水開發(fā)，油井產出液的含水量大量增加�，F(xiàn)有破乳劑均有一定的局限性，對于特高含水的水包油型乳狀液，存在脫水率低、脫水溫度高、脫水速度慢等缺點。因此，針對不同地區(qū)的不同原油選擇適合的破乳劑有著重要的作用。
 破乳劑篩選實驗評價表明，在實驗溫度80℃和用量0.1ml（20ppm）質量濃度為1%的破乳劑下，瓶試法篩選出適合高酸原油性能優(yōu)良的破乳劑5#、6#、7#和8#。
 考察不同條件對破乳作用影響時，選用篩選出的4種破乳劑，在溫度90℃下，隨著破乳劑用量的增大，原油脫水量也隨著增加，破乳劑用量為15ppm~20ppm時，原油脫水達到最大然后趨于平穩(wěn)。在選定用量為20ppm破乳劑下，隨著溫度的升高，原油脫水量也隨之增加，在80~90℃時，原油脫水量達到最大且趨于平穩(wěn)，所以破乳劑的最佳作用溫度為80~90℃。在相同條件下，相對于另外的3種破乳劑，6#的效果最優(yōu)。
 由于為了提高原油采收率，在三次采油中加入石油磺酸鹽表面活性劑，以增加油、水乳化作用，因此原油采出液普遍含有石油磺酸鹽�？疾炝擞绊懫迫閯┬阅艿母鞣N反應條件，在實驗溫度90℃和用量為10ppm破乳劑的條件下，通過瓶試脫水法，考察評價石油磺酸鹽對破乳劑的影響。研究表明，石油磺酸鹽明顯的降低了破乳劑在高酸原油中破乳脫水作用。
關鍵詞； 破乳劑，石油磺酸鹽，原油脫水，三次采油

abstract
 With the development of society, the growing demand for petroleum, Crude oil production in oilfield and basic in the mid-late period. With the development of water injection wells, the oil content of large increase output. Existing demulsifier has certain limitation, for determining the type oil-in-water emulsions, dehydration rate is low, high dehydration temperature, slow dehydration speed，kind of shortcomings .Therefore, in different regions of the different oil to select a suitable demulsifier plays an important role.
 Experiments of demulsifier screening showed that, In experimental temperature 80 degrees and dosage of demulsifier 20ppm quality concentrations, Select the suitable for highly sour crude for good performance of demulsifier is NO.5 ,NO.6, NO.7and NO.8.
 When different conditions for their effects, selection of 4 kinds of demulsifier, in 90 degrees Celsius temperature, with the increase of demulsifiers dosage, crude oil, water off with the dosage of demulsifier 15ppm - 20ppm, oil dehydration and stabilize maximum. The selected for 20ppm demulsifier dosage, with the rise of temperature, the oil off water also increases. In 80-90 ° c, the oil off water and stabilize maximum, so the best role demulsifier for 80-90 degrees Celsius temperature. Under the same conditions, relative to the other three kinds of demulsifier, NO.6 is the best.
 Due to enhance oil recovery in eor, adding petroleum sulfonates surfactants, to increase the water and oil emulsification, so crude oil recovery liquid containing oil sulfonates generally. The influence of reaction of demulsifiers performance in experimental conditions, 90 degrees Celsius temperature for 10ppm demulsifier and dosage, under the condition of investigation of petroleum sulfonates eva luation of demulsifier. Research shows that petroleum sulfonates significantly reduced in highly sour crude demulsifier during their dehydration effect.
Key worlds； demulsifier , petroleum sulfonates, crude oil dehydration, eor