摘 要
生物柴油是一種環境友好型可再生資源,主要是通過可再生資源(例如：植物油、動物脂肪等)進行醇解而制得的脂肪酸酯，它包括脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸乙酯、脂肪酸丙酯等，其性能與礦物柴油相近，可作為石油燃料的取代產品。采用傳統的均相催化劑生產工藝制備生物柴油由于后處理復雜，易產生酸堿性廢水，污染環境等原因，已與綠色化工理念相悖。本文綜述了用于催化油脂酯交換反應制備生物柴油的固體堿催化劑的研究進展，分析了各種固體堿催化劑的特性，并對用于制備生物柴油的固體堿催化劑研究方向進行展望。考察了催化劑不同組成，催化劑用量，反應時間等因素對生物柴油產率的影響。優化出該反應最適宜的操作條件為：催化劑焙燒溫度為120℃、酸醇摩爾比為12：1、催化劑用量占大豆油用量的3%、反應時間6小時、MgO/La2O3 (n MgO / n La2O3 =1.0)。在該條件下，產品產率可達86.4%。
關鍵詞：生物柴油，固體堿催化劑，酯交換
Abstract
Biodiesel was a environment-friendly and renewable energy and it was fatty acid ester，which is mainly obtained through alcoholysis of renewable resources (such as : vegetable oil, animal fats, etc.). It includes fatty acid methyl ester ，fatty acid ethyl ester，and fatty acid propyl ester and can be used as fuel for the replacement products .Their properties are similar to mineral diesel. Traditional biodiesel production technologies of homogeneous catalysts had deficiency, such as difficult to separate catalysts and bring about some environmental problems. Several solid base catalysts for biodiesel production were reviewed, and the characteristic was analyzed. The direction of the development of heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production in the future was presented. Some effects on the biodiesel yield was investigated，such as the composition of calcinations, the amount of catalyst, the time of reaction, etc. In conclusion , the most appropriate operating conditions was demonstrated: 120℃，12：1，3%，6h ，MgO/La2O3 (n MgO / n La2O3 =1.0)，mentioned as above. In the conditions, the yield was 86.4%.
Key words: Biodiesel，solid base catalysts，transesterification
