構(gòu)建我國(guó)合理的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘體系

金融論文編號(hào)：JR110     字?jǐn)?shù):35912,頁(yè)數(shù):57 

目　錄
文章提要 2
Abstract 4

第一章　緒論 6
第一節(jié)　背景介紹 6
第二節(jié)　文獻(xiàn)綜述 7
第三節(jié)　研究方法 9
第二章　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘理論基礎(chǔ)及概況 10
第一節(jié)　貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義理論 10
第二節(jié)　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的基本情況 12
第三節(jié)　WTO中與技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘有關(guān)的協(xié)議 18
第三章　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的機(jī)制及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析 26
第一節(jié)　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的作用機(jī)制 26
第二節(jié)　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析 29
第四章 主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘實(shí)證分析 37
第一節(jié)　主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家實(shí)施技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘簡(jiǎn)介 37
第二節(jié)　主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家實(shí)施技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘分析 41
第五章  我國(guó)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘情況及對(duì)策分析 43
第一節(jié)　我國(guó)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘現(xiàn)狀 43
第二節(jié)　構(gòu)建我國(guó)合理的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘體系 48
第六章  結(jié)論和展望 54

后　記 55
參考書目 56

文章提要

 貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義是國(guó)際貿(mào)易的常態(tài)，尤其是在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的時(shí)候，各國(guó)從本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益出發(fā)，紛紛采取措施保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)的利益集團(tuán)或相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)，而隨著WTO逐步降低關(guān)稅水平和對(duì)非關(guān)稅壁壘的限制，依附于WTO的合理目的和例外條款的運(yùn)用，建立在技術(shù)水平上的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘措施得到WTO成員國(guó)的青睞，它對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，20世紀(jì)70年代，國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的技術(shù)壁壘約占非關(guān)稅壁壘的比例為10%30%，而到了90年代末，這個(gè)比例已達(dá)到45%[ 宋明順：《WTO＜技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議＞規(guī)則、實(shí)踐及對(duì)策》，中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社，2002年版，第5頁(yè)。]。由于具有隱蔽性、靈活性、難以監(jiān)督等特點(diǎn)，技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘已成為新貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義最常用、最有隱蔽性也最有力的手段之一。而中國(guó)作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家，由于技術(shù)水平和相關(guān)法規(guī)制度仍不完善也深受其害。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)每年受反傾銷影響的出口額占全年出口額的1%，而受技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘影響比例則超過(guò)了25%，約450億500億美元，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、紡織品、玩具、機(jī)電和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品都不同程度的受到影響。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘已取代反傾銷成為影響我國(guó)出口貿(mào)易的第一大非關(guān)稅壁壘[ 李志軍：《怎么打造“技術(shù)壁壘”的矛與盾》，經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào)出版社，2002年版，第185頁(yè)。]。因此研究技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的相關(guān)理論，表現(xiàn)形式、特點(diǎn)及作用機(jī)制具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)和借鑒意義。
 貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義理論是技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的理論基石，本文開(kāi)頭即闡述了貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義和技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的概念、形式、特點(diǎn)作了說(shuō)明，在借鑒以往研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的作用機(jī)制并運(yùn)用局部均衡和一般均衡模型對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的福利效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)分析。同時(shí)考察了WTO對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的約束機(jī)制，并著重對(duì)TBT協(xié)議和SPS協(xié)議進(jìn)行了論述，進(jìn)而對(duì)WTO的有關(guān)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了評(píng)析。
 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家是技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的主要倡導(dǎo)者和使用者，它們已具有一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)并已形成一套完善的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘體系，文章在對(duì)WTO主要發(fā)達(dá)成員的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘體系概述的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了建立我國(guó)合理的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘體系的措施建議，這也是本文最終的目的所在。

關(guān)鍵詞：貿(mào)易保護(hù)　技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘　WTO　分析模型　中國(guó)對(duì)策

Abstract

 Trade protectionism is the common situation in the international trade field,　especially when international economy is in declining situation. Many countries have adopted many measures to protect their domestic benefit group and relative industries. As WTO reduces the tariff level step by step and prohibits the non-tariff measures，WTO members have great passion to make use of technical barriers to trade(abbreviated as TBT in the following) through the reasonable targets and “exceptional provisions”. TBT has exerted profound impacts on international trade. According to statistics, in the 1970s TBT has accounted for 10%-30% of non-tariff in foreign trade, while in the late 90s, the proportion has reached 45 per cent. Because of its concealment, flexibility and being difficult to supervise, TBT has become one of the most common-used, most concealed and most effective ways of the new trade protectionism. Being one of the developing countries in the world, China has been limited by such measure because of backward technical level and immature legal system. According to statistics, the export influenced by anti-dumping has accounted for 1 per cent of the total export of the whole year in China. While as far as TBT is concerned, the proportion has exceeded 25%, worth US$45-50 billion. Chinese agricultural products, textile, toy, electro-mechanical products and hi-tech products have been badly influenced more or less. TBT has replaced anti-dumping and ranked No.1 among all non-tariff measures. So it has realistic and studying meaning to study the theory of TBT, its outside display, its characteristics and performance system. 
 Trade protectionism is the basic theory of TBT. To begin with, the paper explains the theory of trade protectionism and the relationship of trade protectionism and TBT. Next the paper shows the concept, its outside display and its characteristics. Furthermore, based on the analysis of TBT functional mechanism, I have analyzed the static and dynamic economic effects on trade parties through partial equilibrium model and general equilibrium model. In addition, the dissertation has taken a thorough look on the restriction of WTO, especially those in TBT agreement and SPS agreement of WTO. On the basis of above, I have given analysis of these agreements and its functions on international trade.
 The developed countries are the main creators and users of technical barriers to trade in the world. They have set up a full set of mature and profound system about TBT. The dissertation has provided the reasonable measures for constructing Chinese TBT system based on the summarization of developed countries’ experience. Such is the final and important target of this dissertation.
 
Keywords: trade protectionism 　 technical barriers to trade  　　　analysis model  WTO  China’s policies