中國企業對外投資研究

金融論文編號：JR112     字數:23657,頁數:33

目錄
摘要 1
ABSTACT 2
一 前言 5
（一）研究背景 5
（二）研究內容 6
二 我國企業對外投資的理論基礎 7
（一）西方傳統理論 7
1. 壟斷優勢理論(又稱“海默一金德爾伯格傳統”) 7
2. 產品生命周期理論(Product-Cycle Hypothesis) 8
3. 內部化理論(The Theory of Internalization ) 8
4. 比較優勢投資理論(The Theory of Comparative Advantage to Investment) 9
（二）發展中國家理論 9
1.小規模技術理論 9
2. 技術地方化理論 10
3. 技術創新和產業升級理論 10
三 中國企業對外投資現狀及特點 11
（一）近幾年我國企業對外投資情況 11
1.從地區分布情況看 11
2.從行業分布情況看 12
（二）我國企業對外投資發展的主要特點 12
1.投資領域和形式不斷擴展 13
2.投資戰略不斷豐富 14
3.境外投資主體隊伍不斷發展壯大 16
4.促進了國民經濟和對外關系發展 16
四 影響我國企業走出去的因素探析 18
（一）影響我國企業“走出去”的現實因素 18
1．企業境外投資存在不足。 18
（二）影響我國企業“走出去”的體制因素 19
1．對外投資立法不健全 19
2．管理機制不順 19
3．政策導向作用有待加強 19
4．信息服務嚴重滯后 19
5．外匯管理和銀行信貸限制過嚴 19
6． 企業微觀經營機制存在一定的缺陷 19
（三）影響我國企業“走出去”的風險因素 20
1.“走出去”的風險 20
2. 障礙與壁壘 20
五 中國企業“走出去”的途徑 21
(一)先貿易后投資 21
（二)培育龍頭企業，通過“關鍵企業”的帶動作用促使企業‘走出去” 23
(三)以資本為紐帶。加快企業強強聯合，通過培育大型跨國股份制企業或企業集團推動企業集團化“走出去” 24
(四)與國外跨國公司或東道國企業形成戰略聯盟“走出去” 25
(五)企業與高等院校、科研機構聯姻“走出去” 26
(六)促進產業資本與銀行資本結合，形成金融財團聯合“走出去” 27
六 結論 28
參考文獻： 29

摘要

 經濟全球化是世界經濟發展的主流，迎接經濟全球化挑戰，快速增強產業國際競爭力備受各國關注。近年來，中國一些有遠見、有實力的行業龍頭企業已把眼光投向更廣闊的國際市場，開始了走出國門的嘗試，企業對外直接投資成為熱門話題。實踐迫切需要相關理論的指導，因此，抓緊研究和實施“走出去”戰略，積極開拓國際市場、利用外國資源，順應經濟全球化下進一步擴大對外開放的要求，增強中國經濟發展的后勁與動力，成為當務之急。本文從當前經濟全球化背景入手，分析了中國企業對外直接投資的必然性，闡述了中國企業對外直接投資的現實性，研究了中國企業進行對外投資的可行性。我們試圖找出中國企業對外直接投資中存在問題的解決辦法，將相同發展階段中國企業而臨的問題和國際上普遍存在的問題相對比，把中國企業對外直接投資所而臨的問題分為企業對外直接投資發展階段遇到的普遍問題和中國企業而臨的特殊性問題。運用區位選擇理論與方法，對中國企業而臨的特殊性問題從產生背景、環境影響和制約因素等方而進行具體分析，找出中國企業的優勢與劣勢，分別對中國企業對外直接投資而臨的兩大類問題提出了揚長避短的措施建議。最后，總結企業對外直接投資措施所需環境支持，提出政府在這一過程中可采取的、具有操作性的支持性政策，指明促進中國企業不斷國際化的政策實施方式。
 
 關鍵詞：企業發展；對外投資；實現途徑
 

ABSTACT
Globalization is the mainstream of international economic development. Moving towards this challenge,   how to improve industrial competitiveness rapidly in the world market are concerned by many countries. In recent years,   with foresight and strength,   some leading enterprises in China has started to look at the broader global market and tried to go abroad. Therefore enterprise directly investing abroad becomes a hot topic. However the theories urgently needed to direct the practices are lag behind. Hence studying and implementing as soon as possible the "going abroad" strategy,   including how to develop international market actively,   to make use of foreign resource,   to comply with the requirements of the further opening under the economic globalization circumstance,   and to increase the continuous strength and driving power of our national economic development,   becomes the present first priority.
  Starting from the background of current economic globalization,   this thesis analyzed and expounded the inevitability,   reality,   and feasibility for our national enterprises to invest abroad directly,    thus to end out the solution to the existing problems in the operation. Through comparing to those widely existing in the world at the same stage,   the problems were first divided into general ones for all enterprises and specific ones only applicable to our national enterprises,   and then studied respectively. For detailed analysis of the generation background，environment infuence,  and constraint factors of above specific problems,  the location choosing
principles and methods were applied. The advantages and disadvantages of our national  enterprises  were  drawn  out accordingly.  Corresponding measures  and suggestions were proposed for two major categories of problems for our national enterprises to invest abroad directly in order to exploit fully the advantages and avoid the disadvantages mentioned above. Finally,   the environmental support needed by investing abroad directly was summarized. Upon which,   the government- adoptable practical policies were derived. The approaches of implementing these supportive policies were also pointed out in order to promote the internationalization of our national enterprises.

Keywords: Enterprise development; Invest abroad ;Approaches