牽引絞車及其控制系統

機械論文編號:JX256 所有圖紙,外文翻譯。論文字數:37654.頁數:85
目    錄

1 概述........................................................1
1.1絞車的應用............................................ 1
1.2絞車的發展概況.........................................1
1.3國外絞車概況...........................................2
1.4絞車發展趨勢...........................................4
2 絞車的計算基礎..............................................5
2.1絞車工作級別劃分的理論基礎.............................5
2.2絞車的工作級別與類別...................................6
2.2.1利用等級.............................................6
2.2.2載荷狀...............................................7

2.2.3絞車工作級別的劃分...................................8
2.3絞車計算載荷...........................................9
2.3.1額定拉力.............................................9
2.3.2當量拉力.............................................9
2.3.3靜強度計算拉力.......................................9
2.3.4動載系數.............................................10
2.3.5試驗拉力.............................................10
2.3.6許用應力和安全系數...................................10
2.3.7零件強度的可靠性計算安全系數和許用應力...............13
3 鋼絲繩的選擇................................................17
3.1概述...................................................17
3.1.1安全系數法...........................................17
3.1.2選擇系數法...........................................18
3.2鋼絲繩選擇.............................................18
3.3鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定...................................19
3.3.1鋼絲繩在卷筒上的固定方式.............................19
3.3.2鋼絲繩固定端承載能力驗算.............................19
3.3.3鋼絲繩的出繩方向及其偏角.............................20
4 卷筒設計計算..............................................．21
4.1卷筒結構...............................................21
4.2卷筒容繩尺寸參數計算...................................22
4.2.1卷筒節徑.............................................22
4.2.2卷筒邊緣直徑.........................................22
4.2.3卷筒容繩寬度.........................................22
4.2.4卷筒筒殼厚度.........................................23
4.2.5卷筒端側板厚度.......................................23
4.3卷筒的受力分析.........................................23
4.3.1鋼絲繩拉力與卷筒支撐處反力...........................24
4.3.2由鋼絲繩拉力產生在筒壁上的轉矩.......................24
4.3.3卷筒筒壁的徑向壓力...................................24
4.3.4鋼絲繩對端側板產生的軸向推力.........................25
5 減速器的設計計算............................................26
5.1傳動方式的擬定.........................................26
5.2電動機的選型設計.......................................27
5.3總傳動比及傳動比分配...................................28
5.3.1總傳動比.............................................28
5.3.2傳動比分配...........................................28

5.4傳動裝置運動參數計算.................................29
5.4.1各軸轉速計算.......................................29
5.4.2各軸功率計算.......................................29
5.4.3各軸扭矩計算.......................................30
5.5齒輪參數計算.........................................31
5.5.1開式齒輪齒面接觸疲勞強度設計計算．.................31
5.5.2開式齒輪齒根彎曲疲勞強度校核計算...................33
5.5.3齒輪其他主要參數...................................34
5.6軸的設計計算.........................................35
5.6.1軸的材料選擇.......................................35
5.6.2軸.................................................35
5.7滾動軸承的選擇及校核計算.............................45
5.7.1軸承的類型選擇.....................................45
5.7.2滾動軸承常見的失效形式及計算準則...................45
5.7.3滾動軸承的校核計算.................................46
5.8鍵連接的校核計算.....................................48
5.9聯接螺栓的校核計算...................................50
5.9.2螺栓剪切強度校核．.................................50
5.10減速器的潤滑和密封..................................50
5.10.1減速器的潤滑......................................50
5.10.2減速器的密封......................................51
5.11減速器箱體及附件的選型設計..........................51
5.11.1減速器箱體的設計..................................51
5.11.2減速器附件的選型設計..............................51
6 聯軸器與制動器的選型設計..................................54
6.1聯軸器的選型設計.....................................54
6.2制動器的選型設計.....................................55
6.2.1制動器的選型計算...................................56
7 牽引絞車控制系統的設計 ....................................57
7.1牽引絞車降壓起動.....................................57
7.2絕對式旋轉編碼器.....................................57
7.2.1絕對式旋轉編碼器的工作原理.........................57
7.2.2絕對式旋轉編碼器的特點與應用.......................58
7.2.3絕對式旋轉編碼器的選型.............................59
7.2.4絕對式旋轉編碼器的機械安裝使用.....................60
7.2.5編碼器脈沖轉換.....................................61
7.3水位傳感器的選型.....................................61
7.4可編程控制器控制系...................................62

7.4.1PLC的主要功能......................................62
7.4.2PLC的特點..........................................62
7.4.3被控絞車的工作情況.................................63
7.4.4PLC選型............................................64
7.4.5PLC控制系統圖......................................65
7.4.6I/O接線及I/O分配..................................65
7.4.7PLC自動控制程序設計................................66
7.5提高PLC控制系統可靠性的措施.........................70
7.5.1PLC安裝的環境條件..................................70
7.5.2PLC的抗干擾措施....................................70
設計總結.................................................73
參考文獻.................................................74
翻譯部分．..................................。。。。。..85

摘  要
    絞車，是用卷筒纏繞鋼絲繩以提升或牽引重物的輕小型起重設備。本設計以零件疲勞理論和線性累積損傷假說為理論基礎，運用靜力學的普遍原理，分析和解決了絞車運動過程中的一些受力和運動問題，力求最優化和最可靠設計絞車減速器和卷筒。在最普遍絞車傳動方式和結構的基礎上，運用位置傳感和水位傳感技術，采用PLC控制，實現了牽引絞車根據水位提升和下放泵房的自動控制和手動控制。
本文主要介紹了絞車的發展歷史，用途，組成及工作原理；牽引絞車的工作特點；設計的一般步驟；使用中存在的問題及改進措施。在本次牽引絞車的設計過程中，著重對減速器、卷筒進行了分析和設計。對重要的部件進行了受力分析、強度的校核，根據其常見失效形式、影響因素及基本設計要求，給出了重要部件的受力分析、強度和剛度的設計方法。

關鍵詞：牽引絞車； 減速器； PLC； 自動控制

ABSTRACT
The winch, is promotes or the hauling heavy item light small hoisting equipment with the reel winding steel wire. This design take the components fatigue theory and the linearity cumulative damage hypothesis as the rationale, the utilization statics general principle, analyzed and has solved in winch rate process some stress and the movement question, made every effort the optimization and the most reliable design winch reduction gear and the reel. In the most universal winch type of drive and in the structure foundation, utilizes the position sensing and the water level sensing technology, uses the PLC control, realized the traction winch to promote and to release the pump house according to the water level the automatic control and the hand control.
This article mainly introduced winch's historical development, the use, the composition and the principle of work; Traction winch's operating feature; Design general step; In the use exists question and corrective measure. In this traction winch's design process, to the reduction gear, the reel has carried on the analysis and the design emphatically. Has carried on the stress analysis, the intensity examination to the important part, according to its common failure mode, the influencing factor and the basic design request, has given the important part's stress analysis, the intensity and the rigidity design method.
Keywords：Traction winch；Reduction gear； PLC；Automatic control