2噸液壓挖掘機的挖掘機構

機械論文編號:JX311  所有圖紙,論文字數:24500.頁數:69
目    錄

1　緒論 1
1.1液壓挖掘機的工作特點和基本類型 2
1.1.1液壓挖掘機的主要優點 2
1.1.2液壓挖掘機的基本類型及主要特點 3
1.2液壓挖掘機的發展概況 4
1.2.1國外液壓挖掘機目前水平及發展趨勢 4
1.2.2國內液壓挖掘機的發展概況 4
1.3本次設計概述 5
1.4反鏟裝置的工作原理 5
1.5本次設計任務 6
2　總體設計方案 7
2.1工作裝置設計方案原則 7
2.2液壓系統設計方案原則（總體） 7
2.2.1單斗液壓挖掘機作業過程 8
2.2.2對液壓系統作業動作要求 8
2.2.2對液壓系統基本的要求 8
3　挖掘機的工作裝置設計 10
3.1確定動臂、斗桿、鏟斗的結構形式 10
3.1.1確定動臂的結構形式 10
3.1.2　確定斗桿的結構形式 11
3.1.3 確定鏟斗的結構形式和斗齒安裝結構 11
3.1.4鏟斗與鏟斗液壓缸的連接方式 12
3.2確定動臂、斗桿、鏟斗油缸的鉸點布置 13
3.2.1動臂油缸的布置 14
3.2.2斗桿油缸的布置 16
3.2.3鏟斗油缸的布置 16
3.3動臂、斗桿、鏟斗機構參數的選擇 17
3.3.1反鏟裝置總體方案的選擇 17
3.3.2機構自身幾何參數 18
3.3.3斗形參數的選擇 20
3.3.4 動臂機構參數的選擇 24
3.3.5斗桿機構參數的選擇 29
3.3.5連桿、搖臂參數的選擇 31
4　挖掘機液壓系統設計 32
4.1確定液壓系統類型 32
4.2液壓系統的計算和液壓元件的選擇 33
4.2.1系統主參數的確定 33
4.2.2挖掘機液壓缸作用力的確定 33
4.3液壓系統初步計算 41
4.3.1工作裝置傳動計算 41
4.3.2行走機構傳動計算 43
4.3.3回轉機構傳動計算 45
4.3.4液壓泵參數選擇和發動機功率計算 45
4.3.5主油管管徑和油箱容量 46
5 工作裝置的強度校核計算 48
5.1斗桿的計算 48
5.2動臂的計算 57
6  液壓挖掘機機構結構創新設計 59
6.1基于結構推理的方案創新設計過程模型 59
6.2液壓挖掘機機構方案創新設計 60

摘   要

    本次設計的題目是履帶式液壓挖掘機挖掘機構。與其它類型的挖掘機相比，這種類型的挖掘機因有良好通過性能應用最廣，對松軟地面或沼澤地帶還可采用加寬、加長以及浮式履帶來降低接地比壓。
液壓挖掘機的主要特點為：能無級調速且調速范圍大，能得到較低的穩定轉速，快速作用時，液壓元件產生的運動慣性小，加速性能好，并可作高速反轉，傳動平穩，結構簡單，可吸收沖擊和振動，操縱省力，易實現自動化控制，易于實現標準化、系列化、通用化。
本次設計的主要參數是斗容量0.2m3,它屬于中小型液壓挖掘機，主要設計挖掘機的工作裝置、液壓傳動原理。
在設計中，采用了履帶式行走裝置，來滿足要求。上部轉臺是全回轉式，因此它可在一個更大的范圍內工作。又因采用液壓傳動控制而使整機性能得以改善。與機械式挖掘機相比，其挖掘力提高到2～3倍，整機質量約為5噸，挖掘力約為30kN，最大卸載高度約為2.65m，最大挖掘深度4.2m，最大挖掘半徑約為5.728m，從中可以看出整機作業能力有了很大的改進，不僅挖掘力大，且機器重量輕，傳動平穩，作業效率高，結構緊湊。另外，還對挖掘機的工作裝置提出基于結構推理的機構方案創新設計方法。
關鍵詞：液壓挖掘機 ；挖掘機構 ；液壓系統 ；創新設計

ABSTRACT

This designed topic is the marching hydraulic excavator excavational organization. Compared with other types excavators, this kind of type excavator used very universal that because has good through theperformance, also may use to lengthens widens as well as the floating type caterpillar band to reduce pressure for the soft ground or the bogregion.
The hydraulic excavator main characteristic is: not only can adjust s the stepless speed but also can adjust scope very big, can obtain a lower stable rotational speed, when action quickly, the hydraulic parts produce inertia small, accelerational theperformance good,and may make the high speed reverse, the transmission steady,structure simple, may absorb attacks and vibrates, the operation reduces effort, and to be easy to realize the automated control, is easy to realize the standardization, the seriation, the universalization.
This designed main parameter is scoop capacity 0.2m3, it is long to the middle and small scale hydraulic excavator, mainly design the excavator，s the work installment and the hydraulic transmissionprinciple.
In the design, used marching walked the installment to satisfied request. Upside the turnplate is the entire rotation , thereof it may work in a greater scope. And further because uses the hydraulicsteering to enable the entire machine performance to improve. Compared with the mechanical type excavator, its excavation strength enhance to 2 ~ 3 times, the entire machine weight approximately is 5 tons,the excavation strength approximately is 30kN, the biggest unloading high approximately is 2.65m, biggest digging depth is 4.2m, the biggest excavation radius approximately is 5.728m, thus can see the entire machine work ability to have the very big improvement, not only excavation strength big, but also machine weight light, transmission steadyly, work efficiency is high, the structure is compact. Moreover, but also proposes to the excavator work installment based on the structureinference organization plan innovation design method.
Key word：Hydraulic pressure excavator　；Excavation organization　；Hydraulic system　；Innovation design