支撐掩護式液壓支架設計

機械論文編號:JX357  所有圖紙,任務書,外文翻譯。論文字數:38775.頁數:91

目  錄

1支撐掩護式液壓支架概述 .............................................1
    1.1 液壓支架的用途 ..............................................1
    1.2液壓支架的工作原理 ...........................................1
        1.2.1支架升降 ...............................................1
        1.2.2 支架移動和推移輸送機.................................. 3
    1.3 液壓支架的分類 ..............................................3
    1.4 液壓支架的組成 ..............................................4
        1.4.1 頂梁 ..................................................4
        1.4.2 底座 ..................................................5
        1.4.3 立柱.................................................. 5
        1.4.4 掩護梁 ................................................5
        1.4.5 活動側護板 ............................................5
        1.4.6 連桿 ..................................................6
        1.4.7操縱控制系統 ...........................................6
    1.5 液壓支架的設計.............................................. 6
        1.5.1 設計目的.............................................. 6
        1.5.2 對液壓支架的基本要求 ..................................6
        1.5.3 設計液壓支架必需的基本參數 ............................7
        1.5.4堅硬頂板的液壓支架設計 .................................7
    1.6 液壓支架的設計動向.......................................... 8
    1.7 液壓支架的應用與研究現狀 ....................................10
        1.7.1 國外液壓支架現狀...................................... 10
        1.7.2 國內液壓支架現狀...................................... 11
    1.8 液壓支架的支護方式 ..........................................13
    1.9 液壓支架的選型 ..............................................14
    1.10 液壓支架的研究與發展趨勢 ...................................15
2 液壓支架的結構設計 ................................................17
    2.1 液壓支架主要尺寸的確定...................................... 17
        2.1.1 支架高度和伸縮比 ......................................17
        2.1.2 支架中心距.............................................18
        2.1.3 頂梁尺寸.............................................. 18
        2.1.4 立柱布置.............................................. 20
        2.1.5 通風斷面的積算........................................ 20
    2.2 四連桿機構的確定............................................ 21
        2.2.1四連桿機構的作用....................................... 21
        2.2.2四連桿機構的幾何特征................................... 21
        2.2.3四連桿機構的幾何作圖法................................. 23
        2.2.4底座長度 ...............................................27
    2.3 液壓支架的總體布置 ..........................................27
        2.3.1 頂梁 ..................................................27
        2.3.2 底座 ..................................................28
        2.3.3 立柱............................................. .....29
        2.3.4 推移裝置.............................................. 30
        2.3.5 護幫千斤頂 ............................................32
    2.4 液壓支架性能參數的確定...................................... 33
        2.4.1截割高度 ...............................................33
        2.4.2支護強度和工作阻力..................................... 33
        2.4.3支架寬度 ...............................................34
        2.4.4液壓支架的初撐力 .......................................34
        2.4.5液壓支架的移架力和推溜力................................35
        2.4.6確定立柱和千斤頂....................................... 35
             2.4.6.1立柱的尺寸 ......................................35
             2.4.6.2立柱的初撐力 ....................................37
             2.4.6.3立柱的工作阻力.................................. 37
        2.4.7移架千斤頂的尺寸....................................... 37
             2.4.7.1移架千斤頂行程.................................. 39
3液壓支架的受力分析及校核........................................... 39
    3.1液壓支架的工作阻力........................................... 39
    3.2壓支架前連桿的受力........................................... 41
    3.3支架后連桿的受力............................................. 41
    3.4頂梁強度計算 .................................................42
        3.4.1頂梁受力情況........................................... 42
        3.4.2 頂梁強度計算 ..........................................43
    3.5掩護梁強度計算............................................... 44
        3.5.1 掩護梁受力情況........................................ 44
        3.5.2掩護梁強度計算 .........................................45
    3.6底座強度計算................................................. 46
        3.6.1 底座受力情況.......................................... 47
        3.6.2 強度計算 ..............................................49
        3.6.3 底座接觸比壓計算...................................... 50
    3.7立柱強度計算................................................. 51
        3.7.1 立柱參數.............................................. 51
        3.7.2 計算重疊長度.......................................... 52
        3.7.3各種系數的計算 .........................................53
        3.7.4上活柱的強度核算....................................... 55
        3.7.5下活柱的強度核算....................................... 56
        3.7.6缸體強度核算............................................56
        3.7.7立柱的穩定裕量驗算..................................... 57
    3.8銷軸的設計................................................... 58
4 液壓支架的液壓系統.................................................58 
    4.2 支架液壓閥 ..................................................61
    4.3 液壓系統安裝、調試.......................................... 63
        4.3.1 安裝.................................................. 63
            4.3.1.1液壓管道的安裝要求 ...............................63
            4.3.1.2液壓件安裝要求................................... 66
        4.3.2 調試：................................................ 67
5 液壓支架的操作和維護.............................................. 67
    5.1 液壓支架的操作維護要求...................................... 67
    5.2 液壓支架的操作管理事項...................................... 68
    5.3 液壓支架維護和管理的具體內容 ................................69
結  論.............................................................. 71
參考文獻：.......................................................... 72
英文原文............................................................ 74
中文譯文 ............................................................84
致謝 ...............................................................91

摘   要
     我課題的研究內容是支撐掩護式液壓支架的總體設計。
現代長壁工作面采煤已經在開采區使用液壓支架。液壓支架不僅支撐頂板，推動刮板輸送機工作面和自移式支架本身，而且還為相關的采煤設備提供一個安全的工作環境。因此正確的選擇和應用液壓支架是長壁工作面采煤成功的先決條件。此外，由于對液壓支架需求數量很大，對液壓支架的投資經常要占到長壁采煤工作面初始投資的一半以上。因此，從技術和經濟兩方面的觀點看，液壓支架是長壁采煤工作面設備中十分重要的一部分。
支撐掩護式液壓支架結合了垛式液壓支架和掩護式液壓支架的特點。所以，支撐掩護式液壓支架具有以上兩者所具有的優點。
液壓支架作為回采工作面的一種支護設備，液壓支架在工作過程中能否取得良好的支護效果，取決于支架的架型，結構和相關參數。首先，通過作圖確定支架的四連桿機構各桿系的長度；然后，以力學模型為依據，分析了液壓支架的頂梁、掩護梁上載荷的作用機理，得到了較為合理的支架載荷的計算公式；其次，結合設計的支架，從平面和空間兩方面對支架主要結構件進行受力分析；最后對支架主要結構件、連接銷軸進行強度效核,并畫出所有的機械圖。

關鍵詞：支撐掩護式支架；頂梁；四連桿；強度

ABSTRACT
My paper mainly foused on the problem which designs about a type of chock-shield support.
Modern longwall mining employs hydraulic powered supports at the face area. The supports not only holds up the roof, pushes the face chain conveyor, and advances itself, but also provides a safe environment for all associated mining activities. Therefore its successful selection and application are the prerequisite for successful longwall mining. Furthermore, due to the large number of units required, the capital invested for the power support usually accounts for more than half of the initial capital for a longwall face. Therefore both from technical and economic points of view, the powered support is a very important piece of equipment in a long wall face.
The chock shield combines the features of the chocks and the shields. As such it possesses the advantages of both.
The hydraulic support is a part of the mining industry equipment in the mine, is used for protection of working environment in the gallery. It works well or bad at work basing on its support mode, frame and some parameters. In the first, the length of every pole of the leading four-bar mechanism are determined by painting,secondly, the base of mechanic model of support-surrounding, the mechanism and loads on the support is decided. The next work, with the condition of the design, the main mechanics of hydraulic support is analyzed and calculated by plane and spatial model. Finally, the under frame, top beam cave shield, wrists and hydraulic column are analyzed by calculation. And draw out all the process drawings.

Key words: chock-shield hydraulic support; canopy; four-bar links; strength