年產(chǎn)3.0萬(wàn)噸二甲醚裝置分離精餾工段的設(shè)計(jì)

化工論文編號(hào):HG042  論文字?jǐn)?shù):15288,頁(yè)數(shù):52

目  錄

 摘要 I
 ABSTRACT II
 1  緒論 1
 1.1概述 1
 1.1.1設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) 1
 1.1.2 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模及設(shè)計(jì)要求 1
 1.1.3 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格、性質(zhì)及用途 1
 1.1.4技術(shù)來(lái)源 3
 1.2二甲醚分離裝置流程 6
 2 精餾塔的工藝計(jì)算 8
 2.1精餾塔的物料衡算 8
 2.1.1基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) 8
 2.1.2物料衡算 8
 2.2精餾塔工藝計(jì)算 10
 2.2.1物料衡算 10
 2.2.2操作條件的確定 10
 2.3精餾塔設(shè)備計(jì)算 12
 2.3.1基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) 12
 2.3.2塔板數(shù)的確定 15
 2.3.3精餾塔主要尺寸計(jì)算 18
 2.3.4塔板結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 21
 2.3.5 塔板流體力學(xué)驗(yàn)算 26
 2.3.6 塔板負(fù)荷性能圖 29
 2.3.7塔高的計(jì)算 33
 3 熱量衡算 35
 3.1數(shù)據(jù) 35
 3.2冷凝器的熱負(fù)荷 35
 3.3再沸器的熱負(fù)荷 36
 3.4冷卻水消耗量和加熱蒸汽消耗量 38
 4主要設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)和選型 39
 4.1接管的設(shè)計(jì) 39
 4.1.1進(jìn)料管 39
 4.1.2回流管 39
 4.1.3釜液出口管 39
 4.1.4塔頂蒸汽管 40
 4.1.5加熱蒸汽管 40
 4.2冷凝器的選型 41
 5 結(jié)論 42
 參考文獻(xiàn) 43
 附錄 44
 謝辭 46

摘  要

 近年來(lái)，二甲醚已成為國(guó)際石油替代途徑與新型二次能源的熱點(diǎn)課題，引起各國(guó)關(guān)注與重視。
 二甲醚的制備主要有甲醇脫水法和合成氣一步法兩種。與傳統(tǒng)的甲醇合成二甲醚相比，一步法合成二甲醚工藝經(jīng)濟(jì)更加合理，在市場(chǎng)更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，正在走向工業(yè)化。目前，制取二甲醚的最新技術(shù)是從合成氣直接制取，相比較甲醇脫水制二甲醚而言，一步法合成二甲醚因?yàn)轶w系存在有未反應(yīng)完的合成氣以及二氧化碳，要得到純度較高的二甲醚，分離過程比較復(fù)雜。開發(fā)中的分離工藝主要采用吸收和精餾等化工單元操作過程得到純度較高的二甲醚產(chǎn)品。本設(shè)計(jì)主要針對(duì)分離中的精餾工序進(jìn)行工藝設(shè)計(jì)，分離二甲醚、甲醇和水三元體系。精餾塔采用浮閥塔，塔頂冷凝裝置采用全凝器，用來(lái)準(zhǔn)確控制回流比；塔底采用水蒸氣蒸汽加熱，以提供足夠的熱量。通過計(jì)算得出理論板數(shù)，塔效率，實(shí)際板數(shù)，進(jìn)料位置，在板式塔主要工藝尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算中得出塔徑，有效塔高，篩孔數(shù)。通過篩板的流體力學(xué)驗(yàn)算，證明各指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)均符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以保證精餾過程的順利進(jìn)行并使效率盡可能的提高。
關(guān)鍵詞：二甲醚 分離 三元體系 精餾
 
  

Annual output of 30,000 tons of dimethyl ether distillation section in the design of separation device
ABSTRACT

 In recent years, DME has become an alternative channel of international oil and new secondary energy and hot topics, That aroused national concern and attention.
 Preparation of dimethyl ether mainly methanol dehydration and One-step synthesis. With the traditional methanol synthesis compared to synthesis of dimethyl ether, one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether process more rational economy, more competitive in the market and it is moving towards industrialization. Currently, synthesis gas to dimethyl ether is the latest technology Preparation of dimethyl ether. Compared with methanol dehydration, system of direct synthesis of DME as the existence of unreacted synthesis gas and carbon dioxide finished. If it want to get high purity dimethyl ether, more complicated separation process. Developed mainly in the separation process such as chemical absorption and distillation unit operation in the process of dimethyl ether with higher purity product. This design aimed at separating the distillation process for process design, separation of dimethyl ether, methanol and water ternary system. Design of distillation towers used valve. Use the whole top of the tower condenser cooling device used to accurately control the reflux ratio. Bottom of the column of steam heating by steam to provide sufficient heat. Obtained by calculating the number of theoretical plates, tower efficiency, the actual plate number, feed location. The main tower in the plate design and calculation of process dimensions derived column diameter, the effective tower, sieve number. Checking through the sieve of fluid mechanics, to prove that the indicator data are in line with standards to ensure the smooth progress of distillation process and to improve efficiency as much as possible
Keywords: DME  separate  ternary system  distillation