稀土低價出口形成的原因分析

國際貿易論文編號:GM021    包括:開題報告及任務書,論文字數:15106,頁數:24

目  錄

1 引論.................................... 2
1.1論文選題的背景及意義................... 2
1.2核心概念解釋 ...........................3
1.3相關文獻綜述 ...........................4
1.4思路和研究方法 .........................5
2 稀土國際貿易與中國地位 ..................6
2.1稀土國際貿易概況 .......................6
2.2中國在稀土國際貿易中的地位............. 7
3 稀土低價出口形成的原因.................. 9
3.1我國稀土價格形成模式 ...................9
3.2稀土低價格形成的基礎成因 ...............12
3.3稀土低價格的形成機理分析............... 13
4 稀土出口如何實現價格回歸 ................19
4.1稀土開采的管理問題 .....................19
4.2稀土出口總量的控制 .....................20
4.3稀土出口價格的管理與協調問題 ...........20
5 結論及展望 ..............................22
參考文獻 ..................................23
致  謝.................................... 24

摘    要
      隨著科學技術的發展稀土受到越來越多的重視，被很多國家列為戰略性資源，現已被廣泛應用于電子、通訊、汽車等高新技術產業。我國是一個稀土大國，在國際稀土貿易中具有舉足輕重的地位，但卻沒有發揮出與這種壟斷資源優勢相對等的作用。在稀土價值不斷被發掘的同時，稀土的價格卻在不斷的下降，我國的稀土行業的競爭力正面臨威脅。從市場結構來說稀土本應是一個賣方壟斷的市場，但卻形成了當前過度競爭、低價競銷的局面。本文論述了稀土這種低價格形成的基礎成因，包括自然、經濟及政策幾個方面。并在分析比較一般性稀缺礦產資源產品的價格模式的基礎上作了進一步的分析，認為我國稀土生產過多，稀土企業間過度競爭導致激烈的價格博弈和出口流向過于集中是形成今天壟斷格局下競爭性價格的主要原因。最后，針對這些原因，就如何實現我國稀土價值的回歸提出了一些建議，如控制生產出口，形成稀土的國際化的卡特兒組織，做好防止買方壟斷的工作，發揮行業協會的作用等。

【關鍵詞】稀土出口  過度競爭  壟斷  博弈

Abstract
With the development of science and technology, more and more attention is paid to rare earth. What’s more, it has been ranked as a kind of strategic resources by many countries. Nowadays, it has also been widely applied to the high-tech industry, such as the electron, the communication and the automobile. China plays an indispensable role in international rare earth trade since she is abundant in rare earth. However, what she has received is not equivalent to her monopoly sources superiority. Coupled with the increase in the rare earth’s value is the decrease in the rare earth’s price. That contributes to the threat which Chinese rare earth industry is facing. From the perspective of market structure, rare earth’s market should have been a monopoly market, but today it is in a situation that it is filled with excessive competition and low-price sales instead. This thesis discusses the basic reasons for such a low price, including natural, economic and policy aspects. And on a basis of comparison and analysis on the price patterns of the general scarce mineral resources, we conclude that the main reasons for the low price are the excessive production, the fierce price game originated from excessive competition among rare earth enterprises and over-concentrated destination of export. Eventually, we put forward some suggestions on how to realize the value of Chinese rare earth, such as controlling the quantity of export, founding an international cartel organization, avoiding monopoly and performing the function of the industry association.

【Key Words】Rare earth export; Excessive competition; Monopoly; Game