協調貿易與環境：中國的對策

國際貿易論文編號:GM645  論文字數:13072.頁數:20

目錄
 
第一章 貿易和環境的相互關系 ..............................1
第一節 概述.................................................1
第二節 我國貿易和環境協調發展現狀...................................1
一、有利局面........................................................1
二、不利局面........................................................2
第二章 政府應采取的措施...................................3
第一節 推動環保產業的發展...........................................3
一、技術創新............................................3
二、政策支持........................................................4
第二節 加強立法、執法工作.......................................5
一、完善法規........................................................5
二、加強執法........................................................6
第三節 積極應對貿易壁壘 ............................................6
一、加強環境標志認證工作............................................7
二、建立貿易壁壘預警和反應機制......................................8
三、培養專業人才....................................................9
四、尋求貿易伙伴多元化..............................................9
第四節 其他措施...............................................9
一、征收環境保護稅 ................................................9
二、建立貿易和環境評估機制.........................................10
三、加大環境保護宣傳力度...........................................10
四、加強國際合作...................................................10
第三章 企業應采取的措施..................................11
第一節 依靠科技創新，提高產品競爭力................................11
第二節 樹立綠色環保經營理念........................................12
一、實行綠色管理...................................................12
二、實行綠色營銷...................................................13
參考文獻................................................15
致謝

摘要
 加入WTO后，我國出口產品不斷受到新貿易措施的阻礙和抵制，外貿出口額逐漸受到嚴重影響，同時我國國內環境也因發展貿易的需要而遭到一定程度的污染和破壞。對此，政府和企業及時采取應對措施是關鍵所在。
 基于貿易與環境既相互促進又相互沖突的關系，分析了我國現階段在貿易與環境協調方面的有利局面和不利局面。進而指出，政府應充分發揮引導作用：首先，環保產業作為新的技術增長點，對于經濟增長和環境保護具有雙重促進作用，政府可通過技術創新和政策支持使其順利發展壯大；其次，通過完善法規，加大執法力度，使經濟貿易的環境管理有章可循、有法可依；再次，政府要積極應對綠色壁壘，這是最有效也是最重要的措施，通過加強環境標志認證工作、建立貿易壁壘預警和反應機制、培養專業人才、尋求貿易伙伴多元化可以消除綠色壁壘的限制，提高我國產品競爭力，擴大產品出口份額；另外，還可通過征收環境保護稅、建立貿易和環境評估機制、加大環境保護宣傳力度、加強國際合作等其他措施。
 企業作為防污主體，一方面，依靠科技進步，做到傳統產品的技術改造和開發新產品相結合，以提高產品競爭力，在市場競爭中立于不敗之地；另一方面，企業實行綠色管理和綠色營銷，樹立環保經營理念。綠色管理可實現資源的高度利用，促使經濟、生態、社會和諧統一，而綠色營銷，通過生產綠色產品、制定綠色價格、開展綠色促銷、搜集綠色信息，達到減少污染或不污染環境的目的。
 政府和企業各司其職、各盡所能，才能使我國走上可持續發展道路。
 
關鍵詞：貿易；環境； 政府；企業 
Balancing Trade and the Environment:
China’s Strategies
 
ABSTRACT
 After joining the WTO, our exports are increasingly blockaded and boycotted by the new trade measures. The amount of exports has been seriously affected and meanwhile, to some extent, our country’s environment has also been contaminated and destroyed because of the needs of developing the trade. So it’s important for the government and enterprise to adopt strategies in time to deal with these problems.
 On the base of the analysis about the interrelations between trade and the environment, and specially for their present situation in our country, it thinks that the government ought to  play a guiding role，Firstly, as a new technology growth point ,environmental protection industry has double promotion effect on both economic growth and environmental protection and the government can expand it successfully through technological innovation and policy hold -out ; Secondly, passing perfect law and regulation and increasing the intensity of law enforcement make economy trade’s environmental management has rules to follow and to go by; thirdly, as the most important and most effective measure, the government should deal with green barrier actively, reinforcing environmental label certification , building trade barrier early warning and reaction mechanism, fostering professionals and diversifying trade partners are able to remove the green barrier’s restrict , improve our product’s competition and expanding product outlet; In addition, we can adopt other measures such as collecting environmental protection tax, building trade and the environment appraising mechanism, enlarging environmental protection propagating dynamics, reinforcing a cooperation among nations.
 As the main body to prevent environmental pollution, on one hand, depending on the advance of science and technology, we can combine traditional technical transformation together with new product developing to improve product competition. On the other hand, enterprise sets up environmental protection manage idea by putting green administration and green marketing into practice. The green administration can achieve the effectively use of resources and promote harmonious of the economy, environment and the society. And green marketing, which includes producing green product, working out green price, carrying out green promotion, searching green information, can reach the purpose of cutting down the environment contamination or even no contaminations.
 The government and enterprise each tries its best to perform its own functions, which makes sure that our country walk up a path of sustainable development of social economy. 
 
KEYWORDS:  trade; environment; government; enterprise