服務貿易壁壘的經濟效應述論

國際貿易論文編號:GM711  論文字數:17731.頁數:31

目錄
引言 1
一、 選題背景、意義 1
二、 文章的主要內容和研究方法 2
第一章 服務貿易壁壘的概述 3
一、 服務貿易壁壘的定義 3
二、 服務貿易壁壘的特點 4
三、 服務貿易壁壘的分類 5
第二章 服務貿易壁壘的測度 7
第一節    頻度工具 7
第二節    價格工具 12
第三節    數量工具 13
第四節    服務貿易壁壘的經濟測度 14
一、 局部均衡分析模型 15
二、 一般均衡分析模型 15
三、 一些學者模擬所使用的模型 16
評價和結論 18
參考文獻 20
致 　謝

摘 要

 當今服務貿易發展越來越快，在世界經濟貿易中扮演的角色也越來越重要。由于服務貿易的特殊性，各國對服務貿易普遍設置了多種服務貿易壁壘。但世界經濟全球化趨勢要求服務貿易加速自由化進程。削減服務貿易的多邊談判過程中，各成員需要可以衡量服務貿易壁壘的指標，評價彼此的自由化狀況，確立目標和標準，從而確定最終的解決方案。因此將服務貿易壁壘量化以體現各國服務貿易的自由化程度，才能為削減服務貿易壁壘的談判提供一個有利的決策依據。
 服務貿易壁壘現在還沒有一個既定的含義，雖然國內外學者對服務貿易壁壘的定義和分類上都不盡相同，但都有其道理。而本文選取的幾個典型代表，其定義的角度也都不同，如Hoekman主要是從服務消費者的角度來定義的。量化服務貿易壁壘的研究工具近幾年才得到發展，該領域的文獻主要以國外學者居多。量化工具主要分為兩種：規模測度工具和效應測度工具，其中規模測度工具中以頻度工具發展最為成熟，而Hoekman建立了最為基礎的頻度測量工具，此后的學者們在Hoekman的研究上深入發展與延伸，如澳大利亞團隊使用更加詳細的信息和系統測度了具體部門的服務貿易壁壘。效應測度工具的研究還處于探索階段，由于信息量要求較高，測度結果的精準性不高。規模測度工具和效應測度工具相比較各有優缺點，但由于服務貿易削減工作更多的注重服務貿易壁壘規模大小，另一方面，效應測度工具的計算模型比較復雜，數據要求比較高，因此本文認為：今后應該深入研究服務貿易壁壘的規模大小測度，以便能為壁壘削減的談判提供一個指標。
 
關鍵詞:服務貿易、壁壘、經濟測度
A Review on the Economic Effects of Barriers to the Trade in Services

ABSTRACT
 The trade in service has been developing faster and plays a more important role in the International economic trade. Because of the particularity, most countries have taken controlling measure. With the development of the globalization of international economic and the dependence of each economy, it acquires the liberalization of services trade. During the multi-negotiation of cutting the services trade barriers, an indicator is needed to measure the barriers in each economy’s. Under the indicator, economies can estimate their liberalization in order to establish standard, so that a solution is concluded finally.  However, it is a disputed problem that how to reduce services trade barriers. Most barriers to services trade are no-measured policies. If the barriers to services trade can been measured, it can also been a guideline for the negotiation of cutting services trade barriers.
 There are many different definition and classification of the barriers to the trade in service by the scholars. This paper summarizes several representative ones based different points such as Hoekman who defined the services trade barriers on the point of services customers. The research on the measurement of services trade barriers have been developed recently. The measurements have two types: size measurement and effect measurement. Hoekman constructed the basic frequency measurement which is the most mature tool in the size measurement, and the scholars develop and extend it, such as Australia team used more information and a better system to estimate barriers in specific department. However, effect measurements need plenty information which is hardly, its results is also hardly accuracy. The negotiation of cutting the barriers focus on the size of the barriers to services trade, furthermore, the calculation of the effect of the barriers and the request of the information are more complicated. The paper argues that effects should be focused on the development of size measures in order to indicate the reduction of services trade barriers in GATS negotiations.

KEYWORDS:  the trade in service, barriers, measurement