基于單片機的帶智能自動化的紅外遙控小車

電子機電論文編號:JD168     字數:22869,頁數:40

 目    錄

引言 ...........................................................................1
1　  硬件電路部分 ..............................................................3
1.1   硬件電路設計的思想 .......................................................3
1.2   單片機主控制電路 .........................................................5
1.2.1 電路的工作原理過程 .......................................................6
1.2.2 單片機內部功能單元 .......................................................7
1.3   數碼管顯示模塊 ...........................................................9
1.4   直流電動機驅動模塊 ......................................................10
1.4.1 電路控制原理過程 ........................................................11
1.4.2 三極管的工作狀態分析 ....................................................12
1.4.3 電路仿真.................................................................13 
1.5   步進機驅動模塊 ..........................................................14
1.5.1步進電機控制原理 .........................................................15
1.5.2電路工作過程與電路仿真....................................................17
1.5.3 步進電動機的特性 ........................................................18
2    電路板的設計與制作........................................................19
2.1   器件的篩選與檢測 ........................................................19
2.2   元器件的裝配方式與布局 ..................................................20
3    軟件部分 .................................................................22
3.1   系統接收處理主程序的設計 ................................................23
3.2   遙控駕駛的設置中斷0處理程序 .............................................23
3.3   數碼管顯示驅動程序 ......................................................24
3.4   霍爾傳感器的中斷1處理程序 ...............................................24
3.5   延時處理子程序 ..........................................................25
3.6   遙控駕駛的設置中斷0處理程序 .............................................25
4  結論........................................................................27
謝  辭 ........................................................................28
參考文獻 ......................................................................29
附錄 ..........................................................................30

摘  要

本課題是實現基于單片機的帶智能自動化的紅外遙控小車。論文首先介紹了系統的總體組成，然后分為硬件與軟件兩部分進行闡述。硬件電路部分主要描述了紅外接收主控制模塊與各模塊的相互關系，這部分主要采用MC-51作遙控發射器及接收處理器，汽車前進、后退用直流電動機驅動，轉向用步進機驅動，直流電動機采用橋式開關電路驅動電機，步進機用數字邏輯電路驅動，通過無線傳輸控制小車的運行狀態。課題涉及到硬件與軟件兩大部分，硬件電路部分的實現是以單片機AT80C51為核心，作為主控制電路，其他外圍電路為從屬電路部分。把硬件電路可分為兩個模塊，發送板模塊與接收板模塊，再把接收模塊分為三個小模塊：電機驅動、數碼顯示和單片機主控。軟件部分設計步驟可分為：主程序和中斷程序入口程序、初始化程序中的各變量、主程序、鍵盤工作子程序、中斷接收程序、延時子程序等。該論文就上面問題詳細介紹了軟硬件設計、實現和調試過程中所采用的方法,并采取相應的步驟解決問題。

關鍵詞：紅外遙控;接收編碼；發送編碼；單片機

Abstract

     The topic realize infrared ray remote control car which based on the single chip microcontroller whit intelligence automation. In this thesis, I firstly introduced the whole component of this system, then the hardware and software .In the part of hardware, I depicted the relation between the whole structure and modes, and further the inner structure and outer character of new programming chip. The intelligent automation control request is more and more high. The design uses MC-51 to do controls remotely the launcher and the receive processor. The automobile ahead and back use the direct current motor to control, while the step-by-stepping machine actuate the direct, The direct current motor uses the bridge type switching circuit to actuate the electrical machinery, Step-by-stepping machine actuates with the digital logic circuit. The wireless transmission controls the car running status. The two major part is composed by the hardware and the software, The hardware electric circuit realizations are take the single chip microcontroller AT89C51 as the cores, as master control electric circuit, Other periphery electric circuits are the subordinated electric circuit partial. The hardware electric circuit may divide into two modules, Transmission board module and receive board module. The transmission module may divide into three small modules: The motor-driven, the digital code demonstrated and the single chip microcontroller controls. The software partial design procedure is: Master program and interrupt entrance procedure program, initialization various variables program, keyboard work subroutine, severance receive procedure program, time delay subroutine and so on. This paper introduced on the above question in detail which is in the software and hardware design, the realization and the debugging process method, and adopts the corresponding step to solve the problem.

Key words：Infrared remote control; Receive yard; Send yard; The single chip microcontroller