交流異步電機試驗自動采集與控制系統的設計

電子機電論文編號:JD213        字數:39042,頁數:67 有開題報告，任務書，文獻綜述

目  錄

摘  要 ......................................................................I
Abstract ...................................................................II
第1章  緒論 ................................................................1
1.1 概述 ....................................................................1
1.2 課題設計的研究意義及其研究內容...........................................1
1.4 目前此研究領域存在問題...................................................2
1.5 設計要求和試驗項目.......................................................2
1.5.1設計要求................................................................2
1.5.2試驗項目................................................................2
第2章  系統的測量原理........................................................4
2.1  系統各物理量的測量原理和方法 ...........................................4
2.2 測量誤差的原理 ..........................................................5
2.2.1 誤差的分類及定義 ......................................................5
2.2.2 提高精度和削弱系統誤差的基本方法 ......................................7
2.2.3 測量結果的誤差計算.....................................................8
第3章  電機測試方法..........................................................9
3.1 絕緣電阻的測定 ..........................................................9
3.1.1 試驗目的及影響因素.....................................................9
3.1.2 測試儀器的選擇.........................................................9
3.1.3 測量的方法 ............................................................9
3.1.4 測試標準 ..............................................................10
3.2 繞組冷態電阻的測定.......................................................10
3.2.1試驗目的 ...............................................................10
3.2.2 測量儀器...............................................................10
3.2.3 測量方法.............................................................. 10
3.3 空載試驗 ................................................................11
3.3.1 試驗目的 ..............................................................11
3.3.2 試驗儀器的選用.........................................................12
3.3.3 試驗步驟 ..............................................................12
3.3.4 分析計算.............................................................. 13
3.3.5作空載特性曲線及分離鐵耗和機械耗........................................14
3.4 堵轉試驗................................................................ 14
3.4.1 試驗目的 ..............................................................14
3.4.2 對試驗電源、儀表和測量裝置的要求.......................................15
3.4.3 試驗操作要點...........................................................15
3.4.4 控制流程...............................................................16
3.4.5 數據處理及計算分析 ....................................................16
3.5 溫升試驗 ................................................................17
3.5.1 溫升試驗概述...........................................................17
3.5.2 各種工作制電機的溫升試驗 ..............................................18
3.5.3 溫升試驗控制流程.......................................................20
3.6 負載試驗................................................................ 21
3.6.1 試驗目的及試驗方法 ....................................................21
3.6.2 轉差率的求取 ..........................................................21
3.6.3 效率的直接測定 ........................................................21
3.6.4 定子銅耗的求取 ........................................................22
3.6.5 轉子銅耗和雜散耗 ......................................................23
3.6.6 負載試驗操作流程 ......................................................23
3.6.7 工作特性曲線擬合.......................................................24
第4章  系統的電源設計 .......................................................25
4.1 試驗用電源設備的一般要求 ................................................25
4.1.1 對諧波電壓因數的要求...................................................25
4.1.2 對三相電源對稱的要求...................................................25
4.1.3 對頻率的要求...........................................................25
4.2 50HZ回饋試驗試驗電源機組原理 ............................................26
4.3 低頻堵轉試驗試驗電源機組原理 ............................................27
4.4 勵磁電路的設計...........................................................28
4.4.1 三相橋式全控整流電路 ..................................................28
4.4.2 三相全控整流電路的觸發電路 ............................................29
4.4.3 晶閘管元件的保護措施...................................................31
4.4.4 產品介紹：KCZ6.3型晶閘管三相全控橋控制板...............................32
第5章  采集系統的硬件設計....................................................35
5.1 系統總體設計框圖.........................................................35
5.2 智能儀器儀表概述 ........................................................35
5.2.1 智能儀表與數據采集系統的基本組成.......................................35
5.2.2 智能儀器的主要特點.....................................................36
5.2.3 智能儀器的自動處理功能.................................................36
5.2.4 儀器測量精度的提高.....................................................37
5.2.5 干擾和數字濾波 ........................................................38
5.3 智能儀器儀表的選擇 ......................................................38
5.3.1 三相交流電流互感器和電流變送器 ........................................38
5.3.2 組合型交流電壓變送器...................................................40
5.3.3 三相三線有功無功功率變送器 ............................................41
5.3.4 頻率變送器.............................................................42
5.3.5 多路智能巡檢遠傳控制儀 ................................................42
5.3.6 JCZ型智能轉矩轉速傳感器................................................43
5.3.7 數字顯示儀............................................................ 45
5.4 串行傳送的特點.......................................................... 46
5.5 串行數據傳送方向........................................................ 47
5.5.1 全雙工................................................................ 47
5.5.2 半雙工................................................................ 47
5.6 RS-485串行通信接口的簡介................................................ 48
5.7 RS-485/RS-232轉換器的簡介............................................... 49
5.8 利用RS-485通信時要注意的幾個問題........................................ 49
5.8.1 接地問題...............................................................49
5.8.2 終端匹配...............................................................50
5.8.3 其他注意 ..............................................................50
5.9 控制電路的設計...........................................................50
第6章  系統的軟件設計....................................................... 53
6.1 系統軟件設計概述.........................................................53
6.2 程序功能及組成 ..........................................................55
6.2.1 試驗數據初始化模塊.....................................................55
6.2.3 試驗控制模塊...........................................................57
6.2.4 數據處理與曲線繪制模塊 ................................................58
6.2.5 查詢管理模塊...........................................................58
參考文獻 ....................................................................59
致  謝...................................................................... 60

摘要:近年來，計算機的大量推廣應用為自動測試系統的發展開拓了新的途徑，近代電子技術的迅速發展又為提高電機試驗的精度和速度、進行動態特性測試及采用新的測試方法提供了可能性，進一步推動了電機測試技術的發展。在這種發展背景下，我們進行了智能化電機自動測試與控制系統的探討。
交流電機試驗自動采集與控制系統的設計主要是通過對試驗電源系統的設計、電機型式試驗臺的設計、智能儀表采集顯示系統的設計、計算機采集處理系統的設計及電機試驗報告自動生成等五大部分著手，實現了對電機試驗的各項數據，即直流電阻、絕緣電阻、電流、電壓、功率、轉速、溫度、振動、噪聲等實行自動采樣，所有數據經計算機處理分析后，自動生成試驗報告。
關鍵詞：三相異步電機  智能儀表  計算機  測試

Abstract :In recent years, the large quantity expansion application of the calculator is to tests automatically the development of the system expanded the new path, the technical and quick development in electronics in modern age is again for increase the accuracy that electrical engineering experiment is with the speed, proceed dynamic characteristic test and adoption the new test method provided the possibility, further pushing electrical engineering test technical development. Develop at this kind of background next, we proceeded the intelligence turns the electrical engineering the automatic test and control the study of the system.
The exchanges electrical engineering experiments the auto collects is the design, calculator that the design, intelligence gauge that the design to pass to experiment power supply system, electrical engineering pattern experiments the set to collect to show the system collect design and electrical engineerings that handles primarily with design that control the system the system experiment the report the auto the born waiting five big parts begin, realizing to various datas that electrical engineering experiment, namely direct current electric resistance, insulate the electric resistance, electric current, electric voltage, power and turn soon, temperature, vibration, noises etc. practices the auto adopts the kind, all data after calculator handles analysis, auto born experiment the report.

Keywords:  Three dissimilitudes and electrical engineering; Intelligence gauge;  Computer;  Test