電子指南針設計

電子機電論文編號:JD232  附原理圖,硬件設計,仿真,程序,文獻,答辯稿,字數:7151,頁數:22

目  錄

1 引言.........................................................................1
1.1 課題背景.................................................................. 1
1.2 國內外研究現狀 ............................................................1
1.3 本課題研究的意義 ..........................................................1
2 系統框圖及原理...............................................................1
3 磁場信號采集和處理 ..........................................................2
3.1 磁阻傳感器 ................................................................3
3.2 磁場測量ASIC ..............................................................3
4 系統硬件.....................................................................5
4.1 系統控制器 ................................................................5
4.1.1 控制器內部結構 ..........................................................5
4.1.2 控制器存儲結構...........................................................5
4.1.3 控制器具體電路 ..........................................................6
4.2 系統擴展電路...............................................................8
4.2.1 通信電路.................................................................8
4.2.2 指南針模塊接口電路.......................................................9
4.2.3 實時時鐘電路.............................................................9
4.2.4 液晶顯示電路............................................................10
4.2.5 系統輸入電路 ...........................................................11
5 系統軟件 .................................................................. 13
5.1 主監控程序................................................................13
5.2 實時時鐘驅動 .............................................................14
5.3 人機界面驅動 .............................................................14
5.3.1 液晶模塊驅動 ...........................................................14
5.3.2 鍵盤驅動 ...............................................................14
5.4 指南針模塊驅動 ...........................................................15
結    論.....................................................................16
參考文獻 ....................................................................16
致    謝 ....................................................................17

摘  要
早期的指南針采用了磁化指針和方位盤的組合方式，整個指南針從便攜性、指示靈敏度上都有一定不足。本系統采用專用的磁場傳感器結合高速微控制器（MCU）的電子指南針能有效解決這些問題。
系統采用了磁阻（GMR）傳感器采集某一方向磁場強度后通過MCU控制器對其進行處理并顯示上傳，通過對電子指南針硬件電路和軟件程序的分析，闡述了電子指南針基本的工作原理及實現。實際測試指南針模塊精度達到1°，能夠在LCD上顯示當前方位并能通過鍵盤控制上傳指南針處理得到的數據到上位機。

關鍵詞：電子指南針；GMR；MCU；LCD

Abstract
Since the early use of a magnetic compass and direction-pointer of the composition, the entire compass from scratch, on the instructions of a certain sensitivity of the defect. Using a dedicated high-speed magnetic sensors with microcontroller (MCU) electronic compass can effectively solve these problems.
The system is designed by the reluctance (GMR) sensors collecting a certain direction through the magnetic field strength after the MCU Controller its judgement will be dealt with the results, through the LCD screen display and can be sent to the MCU's top serial Machine. The actual test compass module can reach 1 °, in the LCD display on the current position of the keyboard and through selective compass upload the data processing.

Key words: Electronic compass; GMR; MCU; LCD