基于單片機AT89S52的超聲波測距儀的研制

電子機電論文編號:JD601  論文字數:15240,頁數:46 有原理圖，及PCB文件

目錄

1 緒論 1
1.1 超聲波測距技術概述 1
1.2 國內外研究狀況 2
1.3 文章構成及設計內容 2
2  總體設計方案 4
2.1 超聲測距 4
2.2 測距原理 4
2.3 設計要求和方案確定 6
3 系統理論分析與技術實現 9
3.1 超聲波頻率選擇理論 9
4 系統硬件設計 11
4.1  超聲波發射電路 11
4.2  超聲波接收及回波檢測電路 14
4.3 單片機系統及顯示 16
5 系統調試及軟件設計 26
5.1 硬件調試 26
5.2 軟件調試 26
6系統測試 32
6.1 數據測量及分析 32
6.2 誤差分析 33
7 結論展望 34
7.1 結束語 34
8 致謝 35
附錄A 超聲波測距儀系統電路圖 36
附錄B 超聲波測距儀系統實物圖 37
附錄C 全部程序清單 38

摘要

利用超聲波測量距離是一種有效的非接觸式測距方法。首先簡要介紹了利用51 系列單片機設計測距儀的原理: 單片機發出的超聲波, 通過換能器發射出去,遇到被測物體后反射回來, 利用鎖相環將此反射回來的信號鎖定, 計算此超聲波從發射出到接受的時間差從而得出被測物體到測距儀的距離。然后, 詳細介紹了各部分電路的工作原理。電路主要由發射電路，接收電路和顯示電路幾部分組成。本系統利用超聲波傳感器實現無接觸式空氣測距, 并充分考慮到測量環境溫度對超聲波傳遞速度的影響. 主要論述了在測量中存在超聲波的傳播速度隨著溫度的變化和其它干擾信號對測量的影響問題, 對這些存在的問題提出了解決的方法。文章詳細敘述了系統的硬件設計,并給出了系統軟件設計程序流程圖.對該系統進行的實驗, 驗證了本文提出的方法的正確性和有效性, 并能夠達到較高的測量精度。該超聲波測距儀具有集成度高、反應速度快、測量精度高、性能價格比高等特點。

關鍵詞: AT89S52單片機; 測距系統;超聲波；溫度補償；接收；發射

RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC RANGE FINDER BASED ON AT89S52 SINGLE-CHIP

ABSTRACT

At first, this paper introduces the principle of distance-measuring-device which is designed with the single chip processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target .Then this paper expatiates the working principle of all the parts of the circuit. The system with a ultrasonic sensor realize no contacted, air distance, measurement and it considers fully of the effect which is caused by the different speed with the different temperature. And mainly discusses that there is the propagating speed of the ultrasonic wave varying with temperature, and that there are some other interference signals influencing the distance-measurement in the measurement. Here, put forward the solutions for the problems. It describes the hardware design of the system in detail, and provides the procedural flow chart of software design .The test results demonstrate the validity of all the methods proposed in this dissertation, and the test show that this intelligent ultrasonic meter has high accuracy. The ultrasonic range finder is of high integration ,high2speed reaction ,high measure precision ,and high rate of performance and price.

Key words： AT89S52 Single-chip; stance measuring system；ultrasonic wave；Temperature repairing；eradiate ; receive