8751H單片機控制步進電機

電子機電論文編號:JD746  論文字數(shù):21544,頁數(shù):50

目 錄
摘    要 I
Abstract II
第1章 引言 1
第2章 概述 3
第3章 主要器件介紹 6
3.1單片機(8751)系統(tǒng)簡介 6
3.1.1 CPU結(jié)構(gòu) 7
3.1.2 I/O接口線 9
3.1.3 定時器/計數(shù)器T0、T1 10
3.1.4 存儲器 13
3.1.5地址鎖存器74LS373 15
3.2 8255芯片介紹 15
3.2.1 8255 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 15
3.2.2引腳功能 16
3.2.3工作方式 17
第4章 步進電動機 19
4.1步進電動機的結(jié)構(gòu) 19
4.2 步進電動機的工作原理 19
4.3 步進電動機的工作方式 20
4.4步進電動機的驅(qū)動 21
第5章 硬件設(shè)計 23
5.1步進電動機的單片機控制 23
5.1.1步進電動機的通電順序狀態(tài)表 24
5.2 鍵盤和顯示設(shè)計 24
5.2.1鍵盤 24
5.2.2顯示 25
5.3電源電路設(shè)計 26
5.4抗干擾設(shè)計 27
5.5看門狗電路 28
5.5.1 MAX813L功能簡介 29
5.5.2 看門狗電路各引腳功能 29
第6章 軟件設(shè)計 31
6.1匯編語言程序設(shè)計 31
6.2 主程序 33
6.3鍵盤掃描程序 35
6.4顯示程序 39
第7章 結(jié)論 41
參 考 文 獻 42
致    謝 43
附    錄 程序流程圖 44

摘    要
單片機是把主要的計算機功能部件都集成在一塊芯片上的微型計算機。它是一種集微處理器和多種接口于一體的微控制器，被廣泛應用在智能產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)自動化上，而51單片機是個單片機中最為典型和最有代表性的一種。我的設(shè)計就是以MCS—51系列中的8751H為核心，與鍵盤、顯示器連接，通過調(diào)節(jié)脈沖信號頻率，進而實現(xiàn)對步進電動機轉(zhuǎn)速的控制。
步進電機是一種易于精確控制的電機,由于其良好的性能而受到廣泛的應用。其控制方法也多種多樣。8751H為核心的微機控制調(diào)速器很好解決了各種控制技術(shù)問題。整個系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 簡單。通過改變軟件設(shè)計，可靈活地實現(xiàn)各種控制功能。我選擇的控制方法：對單片機8751H進行編程,實現(xiàn)對四相步進電機的控制,以達到精確定位的目的。使8751H單片機并行口P1口高四位P1.7～P1.4 分別與驅(qū)動電路的接口A、B、C、D 相連,并使驅(qū)動電路的4 個輸出引腳分別與步進電機的4 、3 、2 、1四個勵磁線圈的引腳相連。通過對單片機進行編程,使數(shù)據(jù)從P1口的高四位輸出經(jīng)驅(qū)動電路放大后控制步進電機,使其按照單片機編寫的程序按步驟的進行正序旋轉(zhuǎn)或逆序旋轉(zhuǎn)。
設(shè)計時考慮到CPU在執(zhí)行指令時可能受到干擾的沖擊,導致程序”跑飛”或者進入”死循環(huán)”,因此,設(shè)計了看門狗電路,使用的是MAXIM公司生產(chǎn)的微處理系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控集成芯片MAXI813。
本文還詳細地給出了相關(guān)的硬件框圖和軟件流程圖，并編制了該匯編語言程序。

關(guān)鍵字：8751H；步進電動機；單片機控制；

 
Abstract
The single chip microcomputer is the microcomputer,which intergrates the main computer function part on a chip.It is a microcontroller which is a collection of microprocessor and many kinds of interfaces in a body, which is widely applied in the intelligent product and in the industrial automation, but 51 SCM is the most typical and the most repesentative one kind in SCM. This design takes MCS-51series 8751H as a core, connects with the keyboard and the monitor, adjusts the pulse signal frequency, then realizes the stepping motor speed control.
The stepping motor is a kind of motor easy to control.It is used widely for its property.There are many ways to control the stepping motor. The Microcomputer control speed regulator taking 8751H as a core solves the diversifyed kind of controltechnic. The whole system structure is simple. Diversified kind of control function is realized flexibly by changing software design. My design method is programming with SCM 8751H, realizing the control of the stepping motor in order to achieve the accurate orientation.Connect the high four bits P1.7～P1.4 of 8751H’s parallel P1 with driver circuit interface four input pins A,B,C,D repectively, and connect the output pins of the driver circuit with the four input exciting coil pins of the stepping motor. Programming to SCM makes the data output of  the high four bits to control the stepping motor after amplified by the driver circuit, which makes the stepping motor rotate clockwise and anticlockwise.
The possible impacts during the CPU operation which leads the “running out”,or “death cycle”of program are taken into consideration.Therefore,the”watchdog”circuit is designed using microprocessor integrated chip MAXI813 produced by United States MAXIM.
 This article in detail has given the related hardware diagram and the software fiow chart,and has established this assembly language procedure.
 
The keyword :8751H；stepping motor； SCM control