淺析我國國有商業銀行不良貸款的形成原因及應對策略

摘要

近年來，我國一直面臨著嚴重的不良貸款問題。在經濟局轉型的問題中，改革金融體制防范金融風險，成為我國經濟改革的重要組成部分，也是經濟改革面臨的重大問題。在我國當下經濟發展的過程中，國有商業銀行對國有企業的巨額不良貸款成為融風險的潛在因素。這對我國實體經濟的健康、穩定發展構成了巨大的威脅。2012年以來，政府對于商業銀行不良貸款問題出臺了許多政策措施，隨著信用體系的逐步完善和法律效力的強制措施，一些地域和行業的不良貸款得到解決，但是問題依然嚴峻。我國國有商業銀行貸款在促進經濟發展，穩定實體經濟的發展方面有著越來越重要的地位，研究我國國有商業銀行不良貸款問題成為了當下關注的焦點，具有重要的理論意義和現實意義，本文針對商業銀行這一問題，在對相關資料整理的基礎的基礎上，結合前人的研究成果，對商業銀行不良貸款的現狀和影響因素進行整體上的分析，以期全面理清我國國有商業銀行不良貸款存在的問題，并在此基礎上進一步提出解決我國國有商業銀行不良貸款的策略。

關鍵詞   商業銀行；不良貸款；影響因素；應對策略

Abstract

In recent years, China has been facing serious non-performing loans. In the issue of the transformation of the Economic Bureau, reforming the financial system to prevent financial risks has become an important part of China ’s economic reform and is also a major issue facing economic reform. In the current economic development of China, the huge non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks to state-owned enterprises have become potential factors for financing risks. This poses a huge threat to the healthy and stable development of China's real economy. Since 2012, the government has issued many policy measures on the problem of non-performing loans of commercial banks. With the gradual improvement of the credit system and the mandatory measures of legal effectiveness, some regions and industries have resolved non-performing loans, but the problem is still serious. Loans from state-owned commercial banks in our country play an increasingly important role in promoting economic development and stabilizing the development of the real economy. Studying the problem of non-performing loans in state-owned commercial banks in China has become the focus of attention today, and has important theoretical and practical significance. This issue of commercial banks, on the basis of collating relevant materials, combined with previous research results, analyzes the status quo and influencing factors of non-performing loans of commercial banks as a whole, in order to fully sort out the non-performing loans of state-owned commercial banks in China Existing problems, and on this basis, further put forward strategies to solve the non-performing loans of China's state-owned commercial banks.

Key words

Commercial banks;  non-performing loans;  influencing factors; coping strategies

目錄

緒論4

一、 研究背景與研究意義4

（一）研究背景4

（二）研究意義4

二、文獻綜述4

三、研究方法與主要內容6

一、 我國商業銀行不良貸款的相關概念及理論概述6

（一） 我國商業銀行不良貸款的概念和分類6

（二） 相關理論8

1. 馬克思信用理論8

2. 金融脆弱性理論9

3. 銀行內部脆弱性理論9

二、 我國商業銀行不良貸款的現狀及原因9

（一） 我國商業銀行不良貸款的現狀9

（二） 我國商業銀行不良貸款的原因14

三、 我國商業銀行不良貸款管理的應對策略16

第一，改善信貸市場環境，建立完善的信用體系，加強我國信用體系建設16

第二，規范監管行為，完善相關制度，建成銀行監管信息共享機制17

第三，優化信貸結構，調整信貸擔保17

第四，健全信貸管理機制，嚴格內部控制，相互制約和相互監督17

第五，優化不良貸款管理，增強信貸團隊的綜合能力18

結論19

參考文獻20

致 謝22