普通CA6140車床數(shù)控化改造

機械論文編號:JX741  論文字數(shù):19950.頁數(shù):37   附CAD圖

目  錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………………ii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………iii
第一章  緒論……………………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1選題的背景與意義……………………………………………………………………1
 1.1.1 選題背景………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1.2 選題意義………………………………………………………………………1
 1.2目前我國制造業(yè)的不足與數(shù)控化的程度……………………………………………2
 1.3普通機床數(shù)控化改造的意義…………………………………………………………3
第二章   設(shè)計要求……………………………………………………………………………5
 2.1總體方案及設(shè)計要求及其他要求……………………………………………………5
 2.2數(shù)控車床的性能和精度的選擇………………………………………………………6
第三章   機械部分設(shè)計與計算………………………………………………………………7
 3.1幾種數(shù)控車床主傳動系統(tǒng)的比較……………………………………………………7
 3.2主傳動機械結(jié)構(gòu)改造設(shè)計……………………………………………………………10
 3.3進給系統(tǒng)機械結(jié)構(gòu)改造設(shè)計…………………………………………………………12
 3.4進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分的計算與選型………………………………………………12
 3.4.4齒輪有關(guān)計算…………………………………………………………………18
第四章   電動機的選用與計算………………………………………………………………24
 4.1主軸電機………………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2步進電動機選用的基本原則…………………………………………………………24
 4.2.1步距角α………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.2精度……………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.3轉(zhuǎn)矩……………………………………………………………………………24
 4.2.4啟動頻率………………………………………………………………………25
 4.3步進電動機的選折……………………………………………………………………25
第五章 自動控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計…………………………………………………………26
 5.1主軸異步電動機電氣控制的設(shè)計……………………………………………………26
 5.2刀架電氣控制的設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………26
 5.3驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的改造設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………26
 5.3.1交流伺服驅(qū)動單元……………………………………………………………26
 5.3.2步進驅(qū)動單元…………………………………………………………………27
 5.4 PLC輸入輸出…………………………………………………………………………28
第六章 車床改造的結(jié)構(gòu)特點及安裝問題……………………………………………………30
 6.1車床改造的結(jié)構(gòu)特點…………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.1滾珠絲桿………………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.2導(dǎo)軌副…………………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.3安裝電動卡盤…………………………………………………………………30
 6.1.4脈沖發(fā)生器……………………………………………………………………30
 6.2安裝調(diào)整中應(yīng)注意的問題……………………………………………………………30
第七章   結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………………31
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………32
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………33
附件

摘要
 本論文提出將CA6140車床數(shù)控化改造，主要是基于目前中國制造業(yè)的水平和一些久的利用。近年來，隨著國內(nèi)各種類型機床改造需求的擴大，機床改造已經(jīng)逐漸形成了一個產(chǎn)業(yè)，其中絕大部分是數(shù)控機床的改造，也有一部分業(yè)務(wù)來自非數(shù)控機床的升級改造。 目前國內(nèi)機床數(shù)控化率不到3％。
 對普通車床進行數(shù)控化改造，主要是將主傳動系統(tǒng)和進給系統(tǒng)改為用PLC控制的、能獨立運動的進給伺服系統(tǒng)；刀架改造成為能自動換刀的回轉(zhuǎn)刀架。這樣，利用數(shù)控裝置，車床就可以按預(yù)先輸入的加工指令進行切削加工。由于加工過程中的切削參數(shù)，切削次序和刀具都會按程序自動調(diào)節(jié)和更換，再加上縱向和橫向進給聯(lián)動的功能，數(shù)控改裝后的車床就可以加工出各種形狀復(fù)雜的回轉(zhuǎn)零件，并能實現(xiàn)多工序自動車削，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率和加工精度，也能適應(yīng)小批量多品種復(fù)雜零件的加工。
 對于CA6140車床的改造先從傳動入手，改成數(shù)控所需要的傳動方式，其次在選擇電器模塊及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，兩方面結(jié)合來完成對機床的數(shù)控化改造。機械方面首先對主傳動及進給傳動進行改造，然后選擇相應(yīng)的電機，最后對電器控制系統(tǒng)進行選擇和設(shè)計。
 
 
關(guān)鍵字：      CA6140       數(shù)控化       改造       控制

Ordinary CA6140 lathe numerical control transformation

Abstract
 The present paper proposed that the CA6140 lathe numerical control transformation, is mainly based on the present Chinese manufacturing industry level and some long uses. In recent years, transformed the demand along with the domestic various types molding machine bed the expansion, the engine bed transforms gradually had already formed an industry, the major part was numerically-controlled machine tool's transformation, also some part of services from non-numerically-controlled machine tool's promotion transformation. At present domestic engine bed numerical control rate less than 3%.
 Makes the numerical control transformation to the conventional lathe, is mainly changes the master drive system and to feed system with PLC controls, can the independence movement to feed server; The tool rest transforms into can trade knife's turret saddle automatically. Thus, the use numerical control installment, the lathe may according to the processing instruction which inputs in advance carry on the machining. Because in processing process's cutting parameter, the cutting order and the cutting tool can according to the procedure automatic control and the replacement, in addition longitudinal and the cross feed linkage function, after the numerical control re-equips the lathe may process each kind of shape complex rotation components, and can realize the multi-working procedure automatic turning, thus raised the production efficiency and the working accuracy, can also adapt the small batch multi-variety complex parts processing.
 CA6140 lathe for start transmission start, into numerical methods needed to drive, followed by electrical appliances in the choice of modules and control system, combining both to complete the transformation of CNC machine tools. First of all machinery and feed on the main drive to reform drive, and then select the appropriate motor, the last of the electrical control system selection and design.
Keywords:    CA6140      Numerical control      Transform    Control