小型組合變形試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

機(jī)械論文編號(hào):JX774  論文字?jǐn)?shù):23679.頁(yè)數(shù):45   附CAD圖，三維造型

 目錄
摘   要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iv
 第一章  緒論 1
 1．1  課題背景 1
 1．2  國(guó)內(nèi)外技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 2
 1．3  課題的提出和解決思路 3
 1．4  本章小結(jié) 3
第二章  原理分析和方案設(shè)計(jì) 4
 2．1  功能原理分析 4
 2．2  方案設(shè)計(jì) 5
 2．3  方案的確定 8
 2．4  本章小結(jié) 9
第三章  實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 10
 3．1  總體方案分析設(shè)計(jì) 10
 3．2  小型化組合實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 14
 3．3  本章小結(jié) 22
第四章  實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的數(shù)據(jù)采集 23
 4. 1  數(shù)據(jù)采集原理——電阻應(yīng)變橋 23
 4. 2  采集儀器——DH-3818靜態(tài)電應(yīng)變儀采集數(shù)據(jù) 25
 4. 3 “自動(dòng)控制”軟件使用 29
 4. 4 本章小結(jié) 35
第五章  實(shí)驗(yàn)的步驟和誤差分析 ...36
 5．1 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟的編寫(xiě) 36
 5．2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果誤差原因分析 38
總結(jié) 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40
致謝 41
 附錄A 圖紙另附

摘    要
 隨著科技的不斷發(fā)展，每個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)教育也越來(lái)越重視，教育成本的投入也越來(lái)越大，對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)硬件設(shè)施的小型化、智能化、簡(jiǎn)便性、功能化、經(jīng)濟(jì)性等要求越來(lái)越高。然而目前我國(guó)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)缺點(diǎn)是功能單一、體積龐大、不經(jīng)濟(jì)等原因落后與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)施，給教育帶來(lái)很大的影響，因而對(duì)這些實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的改造、重新設(shè)計(jì)將會(huì)極大地提高我國(guó)的教育水平,帶來(lái)很好的效果，同時(shí)能為國(guó)家教育節(jié)約大量資金。
 目前在用的彎扭組合實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的缺點(diǎn)是: （1）體積偏大。一套實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置要占用一張?jiān)囼?yàn)臺(tái)。（2）加載機(jī)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,要求所加載荷較大。加載機(jī)構(gòu)一般由旋轉(zhuǎn)手輪、砝碼等構(gòu)成, 所加載荷一般在100 ～1000N ,這也是導(dǎo)致此裝置體積大的原因之一。（3）實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差較大。造成實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差較大的原因是多方面的,有實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的不合理,應(yīng)變花的貼片位置確定的不合理和貼片方式不合理等等原因引起的。(4)設(shè)備成本較高不利于擴(kuò)套。(5)功能單一。不能進(jìn)行多項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備如此多的缺點(diǎn)，作為一名親身體會(huì)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備落后給我們接受知識(shí)帶來(lái)障礙的學(xué)生，我深刻感受到實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備落后帶來(lái)的教育的負(fù)面影響，改進(jìn)和重新設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備對(duì)教育事業(yè)意義重大。也是我選擇該課題意義所在。
 該課題中所改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)小型組合實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)應(yīng)具有以下主要特點(diǎn)：（1）小型化實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置投資省、輕便可移、占用空間少,便于擴(kuò)套。（2）由于它們是針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)需要開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的,具有功能適用、操作方便、故障低、安全性好、實(shí)驗(yàn)精度高等特點(diǎn)。（3）可以做到人手一臺(tái),有利用于學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)單彎、單扭、彎扭組合與扭轉(zhuǎn)剪切彈性模量G的測(cè)定掌握電測(cè)法，還可以驗(yàn)證理論。主應(yīng)力測(cè)試和內(nèi)力素（彎矩和扭矩）測(cè)試兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)只粘貼幾個(gè)應(yīng)變花就能完成所有的測(cè)試內(nèi)容,為實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)提供了一種簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用的方法,提高了實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
 本論文通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀的分析、方案設(shè)計(jì)，提出了老式彎扭組合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的缺點(diǎn),通過(guò)對(duì)所測(cè)點(diǎn)處應(yīng)力應(yīng)變狀態(tài)分析,確立了設(shè)計(jì)超小型化彎扭組合實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的理論基礎(chǔ)、設(shè)計(jì)原則,設(shè)計(jì)出了體積小,加載簡(jiǎn)單,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸合理,計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集、精度高的超小型化彎扭組合實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。

 關(guān)鍵詞：小型化  實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置  彎扭組合  應(yīng)變
 Small portfolio deformation test-bed design and experimental research
 Abstract
 As to technical increasing development.  Every country is also increasing emphasis on education and the investment in education is also increasing. the requirements to experimental equipment like Small size、Intelligent, simple, functional and economy is becoming more and more strict. However , compared with developed country, our country is relatively backwards in terms of Laboratory equipment because  China's equipment has shortcomings of single function、huge size and not economic. This brings great impact on education. Thus the transformation and re-design of the experimental equipment will greatly enhance China's education level, bring very good results, and can save a lot for the state education fund.
 Currently the shortcomings of the Combination of bending and torsion experimental device are as follows:
 1. Too large volume.  An experimental device needs to take up a test-bed size.
 2. Complex Loading institutions, requested large load. Loading institutions are composed with hand wheel spin、weight and so on. The general load is 100 ～1000N, which also contributed to this large volume of devices.
 3. Big experimental error. unreasonable designed experimental device 、unreasonable rosette location of the patch and unreasonable way of patch can cause big experimental error.
 4. High cost of equipment is not conducive to expansion sets.
 5. Single function. Incapable of dealing with a series of experiments. Our country’s teaching laboratory equipment exist so many shortcomings, Improving and re-designing equipment has great significance to education. That’s why this subject is choosed.
 The improved design of small experimental combination of this subject has the following main features:
 1. Low investment, convenient take up less space, facilitate the expansion sets
 2. Easy to operate, low-fault, safety, and high accuracy because they are based on experimental teaching needs.
 3. Each student could have one, help students complete an experiment independently. And also can verify theory by the comparison of Single-bending, single-twisting, bending and twisting combination and reverse shear elastic modulus G. providing simple and practical ways to experimental teaching as well as improving the quality of teaching.
 In this paper, shortcomings of Old-fashioned combination of bending and torsion test equipment are raised through analysis of our country’s situation and program design. The theoretical basis and design principles of ultra-small experimental device combination of bending and torsion are established by measuring point state of stress and strain. An ultra-small experimental device combination of bending and torsion is designed with the feature of small volume、simple to load reasonable size of the structure and high accuracy.
Key words: miniaturization  experimental device  combined bending with torsion