數(shù)控激光切割機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)電一體化

機(jī)械論文編號(hào):JX020  包括設(shè)計(jì)論文和文獻(xiàn)綜述所有設(shè)計(jì)圖紙,字?jǐn)?shù):14406,頁(yè)數(shù):43.

目   錄

摘  要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

1 緒論 ....................................................................1
1.1課題背景............................................................... 1
1.2現(xiàn)實(shí)意義............................................................... 1
1.3設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ...............................................................1
1.4總體設(shè)計(jì)方案分析....................................................... 2
2 機(jī)械部分XY工作臺(tái)及Z軸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)..................................... 4
2.1 XY工作臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................4
2.1.1主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)及依據(jù) ...................................................4
2.1.2 XY工作臺(tái)部件進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)受力分析 ........................................4
2.1.3初步確定XY工作臺(tái)尺寸及估算重量 .......................................4
2.2 Z軸隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)....................................................... 5
3 滾珠絲杠傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ..............................................6
3.1 強(qiáng)度計(jì)算.............................................................. 6
3.2 滾珠絲杠副的傳動(dòng)效率.................................................. 6
4 直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的選型...................................................... 8
5 步進(jìn)電機(jī)及其傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的確定.............................................. 9
5.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選用 ........................................................9
5.1.1 脈沖當(dāng)量和步距角.................................................... 9
5.1.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)上起動(dòng)力矩的近似計(jì)算 .........................................9
5.1.3確定步進(jìn)電機(jī)最高工作頻率 ............................................10
5.2齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的確定 ....................................................10
5.2.1傳動(dòng)比的確定........................................................ 10
5.2.2齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)主要參數(shù)的確定 ..............................................11
5.3步進(jìn)電機(jī)慣性負(fù)載的計(jì)算................................................ 11
6 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)剛度的討論 .....................................................13
6.1 根據(jù)工作臺(tái)不出現(xiàn)爬行的條件來(lái)確定傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的剛度 .......................13
6.2根據(jù)微量進(jìn)給的靈敏度來(lái)確定傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)剛度 ................................13
7 消隙方法與預(yù)緊 .........................................................15
7.1消隙方法 ..............................................................15
7.1.1偏心軸套調(diào)整法 ......................................................15
7.1.2錐度齒輪調(diào)整法 ......................................................16
7.1.3雙片齒輪錯(cuò)齒調(diào)整法 ..................................................16
7.2預(yù)緊 ..................................................................17
8 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)........................................................... 18
8.1 確定機(jī)床控制系統(tǒng)方案 .................................................18
8.2 主要芯片配置......................................................... 18
8.2.1主要芯片選擇........................................................ 18
8.2.2 主要管腳功能 .......................................................18
8.2.3 EPROM的選用........................................................ 19
8.2.4 RAM的選用.......................................................... 20
8.2.5 89C51存儲(chǔ)器及I/O的擴(kuò)展 .............................................20
8.2.6 8155工作方式查詢................................................... 21
8.2.7狀態(tài)查詢 ............................................................22
8.2.8 8155定時(shí)功能....................................................... 22
8.2.9 芯片地址分配 .......................................................23
8.3 鍵盤(pán)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................24
8.3.1鍵盤(pán)定義及功能 ......................................................24
8.3.2 鍵盤(pán)程序設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................24
8.4 顯示器設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................28
8.4.1顯示器顯示方式的選用................................................ 28
8.4.2顯示器接口.......................................................... 29
8.4.3 8155擴(kuò)展I/O端口的初始化............................................ 29
8.5 插補(bǔ)原理 .............................................................30
8.6光電隔離電路 ..........................................................31
8.7越界報(bào)警電路 ..........................................................31
8.8總體程序控制...........................................................32
8.8.1流程圖 ..............................................................32
8.8.2總程序.............................................................. 32
9 步進(jìn)電機(jī)接口電路及驅(qū)動(dòng) .................................................34
結(jié)  論................................................................... 38
參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................39
致  謝 ...................................................................40

摘  要

激光切割的適用對(duì)象主要是難切割材料，如高強(qiáng)度、高韌性材料以及精密細(xì)小和形狀復(fù)雜的零件，因而數(shù)控激光切割在我國(guó)制造業(yè)中正發(fā)揮出巨大的優(yōu)越性。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了一臺(tái)單片機(jī)控制的數(shù)控激光切割機(jī)床，主要完成了：機(jī)床整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，Z軸、XY軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、滾珠絲杠、直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的選擇及其強(qiáng)度分析；以步進(jìn)電機(jī)為進(jìn)給驅(qū)動(dòng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的分析設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；以89C51為主控芯片的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)初始化設(shè)計(jì)及系統(tǒng)軟件方案設(shè)計(jì)和步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制程序設(shè)計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞  CNC，激光切割機(jī)床，結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計(jì)

ABSTRACT

   Laser cutting machine tool was usually used for the hard-cutting material, such as high-strength material, high precision ductile materials, and smart and complicated components. So, CNC laser cutting has been playing an important role in China's manufacturing industry.
This paper describes the design of a SCM-controlled CNC laser cutting machine tools. More attention was paid on the overall machine design, Z axis, XY axis in the design, ball-screw and the choice of linear motion guide and intensity analysis; the drive system into which stepper motor was put and the analysis of the drive system design; 89C51 chip was mainly used for the design of hardware circuit, the design of system initialization and the design of stepper motor’s controlling program.

Key words  CNC, laser cutting machine tools, architecture, design