車載提升機的設計及研究

機械論文編號:JX290 所有圖紙,論文字數:32960.頁數:84

目    錄

1 概述 ....................................................................1
1.1起重機械的任務及其在國民經濟中的作用 ......................................1
1.2起重機械的發展簡況和動向 ..................................................1
1.2.1我國起重機械的發展簡況 ..................................................1
1.2.2起重機械的發展動向 ......................................................2
1.3起重機械簡介..............................................................4
1.3.1起重機械的概念..........................................................4
1.3.2起重機械的工作特點和主要組成 ............................................4
1.3.3起重機械的基本形式 ......................................................5
1.4起重機簡介 ...............................................................7
1.4.1起重機的概念 ...........................................................7
1.4.2起重機的組成結構........................................................7
1.4.3起重機的種類............................................................7
1.4.4起重機的發展趨勢 ........................................................8
1.5起重技術目前在國內、外的發展狀況 ..........................................9
1.5.1目前國外起重技術的發展 ..................................................9
1.5.2國內起重技術的發展 ......................................................9
1.6隨車起重機行業現狀及前景展望 ..............................................10
1.6.1隨車起重機簡介..........................................................10
1.6.2隨車起重機行業現狀......................................................11
1.6.3 隨車起重機前景.........................................................12
2 隨車起重裝置設計的可行性分析及方案確定..................................... 13
2.1可行性分析................................................................13
2.1.1技術可行性的分析........................................................ 13
2.1.2 經濟可行性的分析....................................................... 14
2.2隨車起重裝置方案確定 ......................................................15
2.2.1起升機構................................................................16
2.2.2回轉機構.................................................. .............17
2.2.3變幅機構 ...............................................................17
3 起升機構的設計............................................................ 19
3.1起升機構的傳動方案 ........................................................19
3.2鋼絲繩的設計 .............................................................20
3.2.1鋼絲繩結構形式的選擇 ....................................................20
3.2.2鋼絲繩使用注意 .........................................................21
3.3取物裝置 .................................................................21
3.3.1吊鉤的設計 .............................................................21
3.4卷筒的設計 ...............................................................22
3.4.1卷筒種類的選擇......................................................... 22
3.4.2卷筒材料 ...............................................................23
3.5滑輪組的設計 .............................................................24
3.5.1滑輪組的種類選用 .......................................................24
3.5.2鋼絲繩進出繩槽時的允許偏角 ..............................................24
3.6棘輪的設計................................................................25
4 起升機構設計計算 ..........................................................27
4.1確定起升機構傳動方案 ......................................................27
4.2選擇鋼絲繩.................................................. .............27
4.3確定滑輪主要尺寸..........................................................28
4.4確定卷筒尺寸 .............................................................28
4.5選則電動機................................................................29
4.6驗算電動機發熱條件........................................................ 30
4.7選擇減速器.................................................. ............30
4.8驗算起升速度和實際所需功率................................................ 31
4.9校核減速器輸出軸強度 ......................................................31
4.10選擇制動器..............................................................31
4.11選擇聯軸器 .............................................................32
4.12驗算起動時間............................................................32
4.13驗算制動時間 ...........................................................33
5 減速器的設計計算...........................................................34
5.1傳動裝置的總效率..........................................................34
5.2確定總傳動比及各級分傳動比 ................................................34
5.3傳動系統的運動和動力參數計算 ..............................................34
5.3.1計算各軸轉速： .........................................................34
5.3.2計算各軸輸入功率： ......................................................34
5.3.3計算各軸輸入轉矩： ......................................................35
5.4傳動件的設計計算.......................................................... 35
5.4.1高速級齒輪的強度驗算 ....................................................35
5.4.2低速級齒輪的強度驗算.................................................... 38
5.4.3棘輪的強度驗算： ........................................................41
5.5軸的計算..................................................................41
5.5.1軸Ⅰ的設計..............................................................42
5.5.2軸Ⅱ的設計 .............................................................44
5.5.3軸Ⅲ的設計 .............................................................49
5.6滾動軸承的選擇和計算 ......................................................52
5.6.1輸入軸 ................................................................52
5.6.2輸出軸 ................................................................53
5.6.3卷筒軸.................................................................54
5.7鍵聯接的選擇和驗算........................................................ 55
5.7.1輸入軸 ................................................................55
5.7.2輸出軸.................................................................56
5.8箱體的設計...............................................................56
5.9減速器附件的設計..........................................................57
5.10減速器的潤滑和密封形式................................................... 58
6 變幅機構的設計.............................................................60
6.1變幅機構的作用.................................................. .........60
6.2變幅機構的類型............................................................60
6.2.1變幅性質的分類 .........................................................60
6.2.2變幅方法的分類..........................................................60
6.3吊臂的設計...............................................................61
6.3.1三鉸點設計 ............................................................61
6.4起重臂設計 ..............................................................61
6.4.1起重臂基本參數計算與選用................................................ 61
6.4.2起重臂的形狀及主要計算參數 ..............................................62
6.5變幅油缸的選用............................................................65
6.5.1變幅油缸推力的計算 ......................................................65
6.5.2變幅油缸缸徑的計算...................................................... 65
7 回轉機構的設計.............................................................66
7.1回轉支承的選用............................................................66
7.1.1簡介 ..................................................................66
7.1.2載荷計算................................................................66
7.1.3阻力矩計算..............................................................67
7.1.4校核 ..................................................................68
7.1.5回轉減速機輸出扭矩 ......................................................68
7.2回轉減速機的選用 ..........................................................69
7.3支腿反力計算..............................................................69
7.3.1平均分配載荷............................................................69
7.3.2垂直缸計算..............................................................69
7.3.3垂直缸需流量計算........................................................ 70
結  論......................................................................71
參考文獻 ....................................................................72
翻譯部分 ....................................................................73
英文原文 ....................................................................73
中文譯文.................................................................... 73
致  謝 .....................................................................82

摘   要
     隨車起重機屬于臂架型起重裝置，集起重和運輸于一體，結構緊湊、易于操作，不僅節省勞動力，而且極大的降低了工作強度、提高了工作效率。廣泛應用于交通運輸、港口和倉庫中。
此次畢業設計在對隨車起重機進行調研和可行性分析的基礎上，從力學角度，對10噸隨車起重裝置的起升機構、變幅機構和回轉機構進行了具體設計。
所設計的起升機構包括液壓馬達、減速機、棘輪停止器和卷筒幾部分。減速機用來降低液壓馬達驅動速度，根據變速比，確定了其具體型號。卷筒用于繞進或放出鋼絲繩，根據工作條件和起重量，對卷筒和鋼絲繩的具體規格進行了設計。棘輪停止器用來防止逆轉，根據所受的彎矩和壓力，對其進行了設計。
變幅機構用來改變起重機幅度，包括臂架系統和變幅傳動系統。本文中，采用了伸縮式、箱形結構。箱形結構內裝有伸縮油缸，起重裝置的變幅可通過液壓缸實現。
回轉機構包括回轉支承裝置和回轉驅動裝置，并采用蝸輪蝸桿減速機和液壓馬達。這種結構自重輕，受力合理，運行平穩。
關鍵詞：隨車起重裝置 ；起升機構 ；變幅機構 ；回轉機構 ；起重臂

ABSTRACT

Truck Mounted Crane (TMC) belongs to boom-crane. Combining the advantages of booming and transporting together, it has the features of compact structure and easy operation，not only saves the labor force, but also decreases the labor intensity and increases the efficiency of working. It is widely used in traffic transportation, docks and warehouses.
In this paper, based on the investigation and feasibility analysis of TMC, the winch mechanism, the arm-changing mechanism and the swing mechanism of the TMC 10T were designed from the mechanics angle.
The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, decelerating machine, ratchet wheel stopping machine and reel. Decelerating machine lowers the speed of the hydraulic motor for driving, and its size was defined according to the ratio of the speed variety. The reel is to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. The sizes of the reel and the wire rope were designed according to the work condition and the rise weight. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the converse motion, and it was decided by the pressure the gear bears.
The arm-changing mechanism is the system that changes the arm range of the boom-crane. It includes the arm system and the arm-changing moving system. In this paper, flexible arm type and box form structure were used. Cylinder bodies are fitted on the boom. The working range of TMC can be realized by the extension or retraction of the cylinder body.
The swing mechanism contains swing bearing and swing driver. Bearings, worm-and-wheel steering gear and hydraulic motor were adopted. This structure has the advantages of light weight, reliable force and smooth action.
Key words: Truck Mounted Crane ; Winch mechanism ; Arm-changing mechanism ; Swing mechanism ; Boom