絞車試驗臺(液壓系統)

機械論文編號:JX292 所有圖紙,外文翻譯。論文字數:46514.頁數:85

目    錄

1 緒論 ................................................................1
1．1礦井提升在礦山生產中的地位 ........................................1
1．2礦井提升設備的現狀與發展趨勢 ......................................1
1.3 液壓系統.......................................................... 1
2液壓系統的設計 .......................................................3
2.1液壓系統的使用要求及速度負載分析 ...................................3
2.1.1使用要求 .........................................................3
2.1.2速度負載分析 .....................................................3
2.2液壓系統方案設計 ...................................................4
2.2.1確定回路方式 .....................................................4
2.3液壓系統各元件概述................................................. 7
2.3.1液壓執行元件的選擇............................................... 7
2.3.2液壓控制元件的選定............................................... 7
2.3.3泵的選型......................................................... 7
2.3.4系統中管路的選定................................................. 9
2.3.5電機的選用 .......................................................9
3  制動系統整體方案確定 ...............................................10
3.1 制動器的類型選擇原則.............................................. 10
3.2 制動器規格的計算原則 ..............................................11
3.3 制動器校核驗算原則 ................................................11
3.4 制動器方案確定.................................................... 11
3.5 確定系統主要參數 ..................................................12
4  碟形彈簧設計 .......................................................13
4．1  參數計算....................................................... .13
4．2 碟形彈簧設計：................................................... 13
4．2．1  碟形彈簧的特點及應用......................................... 13
4．2．2  碟形彈簧的材料及成型后的處理................................. 13
4．3碟形彈簧的計算.................................................... 14
4．4 碟形彈簧校核 .....................................................16
5  液壓缸主要技術性能參數的計算....................................... 17
5.1常用液壓缸......................................................... 17
5.1.1活塞式液壓缸..................................................... 17
5.1.2柱塞式液壓缸..................................................... 17
5.2其它形式液壓缸 .....................................................18
5.2.1伸縮液壓缸....................................................... 18
5.2.2齒條活塞液壓缸 ...................................................18
5.2.3增壓缸(增壓器) ...................................................18
5.2.4增速缸 ...........................................................18
5.3液壓缸主要參數的設計計算 ...........................................19
5.3.1液壓缸的特征尺寸 .................................................19
5.3.2 液壓缸工作壓力的確定 ............................................20
5.3.3 活塞桿.......................................................... 21
   5.3.4 缸筒 .........................................................22
5.4 液壓缸的校驗 ......................................................26
5.4.1缸筒壁厚驗算 .....................................................26
5.4.2 活塞桿強度驗算 ..................................................29
5.4.3液壓缸的穩定性驗算 ...............................................29
5.5缸體組件及連接形式 .................................................30
5.5.1缸體組件 .........................................................30
5.5.2缸體組件的連接形式 ...............................................30
5.6活塞組件及連接形式................................................. 31
5.6.1活塞組件 .........................................................31
5.6.2活塞組件的連接形式 ...............................................31
5.7密封裝置 ...........................................................33
5.7.1 O形密封圈....................................................... 33
5.7.2Y形密封圈 ........................................................34
5.8緩沖裝置........................................................... 35
5.8.1圓柱形環隙式緩沖裝置............................................. 35
5.8.2圓錐形環隙式緩沖裝置 .............................................36
5.8.3可變節流槽式緩沖裝置 .............................................36
5.8.4可調節流孔式緩沖裝置 .............................................36
5.9排氣裝置 ...........................................................36
6 液壓泵的設計計算與選型.............................................. 37
6.1液壓泵的分類....................................................... 37
6.2液壓泵選擇......................................................... 38
6.3 齒輪泵分類與工作原理： ............................................38
6.4 外嚙合齒輪泵結構組成.............................................. 39
6.5 液壓泵的參數計算.................................................. 39
7  泵站電機的計算與選型 ...............................................42
7.1泵的驅動功率 .......................................................42
7.2泵站電機的選型及安裝 ...............................................42
7.2.1泵站電機的選型 ...................................................42
7.2.2電動機的安裝形式................................................. 43
7.2.3聯軸器 ...........................................................43
7.2.4泵組底座......................................................... 43
7.2.5管路附件 .........................................................43
8 液壓馬達 ............................................................44
8.1液壓馬達概述： .....................................................44
8.2液壓馬達的分類：................................................... 44
8.2.1高速液壓馬達：................................................... 44
8.2.2低速液壓馬達： ...................................................45
8.3液壓馬達特性參數： .................................................45
8.3.1工作壓力與額定壓力：............................................. 45
8.3.2流量與容積效率：................................................. 45
9 液壓閥的設計與選型.................................................. 46
9.1 閥塊的設計 ........................................................46
9.1.1 設計閥塊時應注意事項： ..........................................46
9.1.2 液壓閥塊的結構.................................................. 46
9.1.3 液壓閥塊設計.................................................... 46
9.2 溢流閥............................................................ 49
    9.3 換向閥........................................................ 50
10 液壓輔助元件選擇與設計 .............................................52
10.1 過濾器的選擇 .....................................................52
10.1.1 選擇過濾器的基本要求和應考慮的項目 .............................53
10.1.2 過濾器的主要性能包括：......................................... 54
10.1.3過濾器的主要類型 ................................................54
10.2 油管和管接頭的選擇 ...............................................55
10.2.1 油管的選擇 .....................................................55
10.2.2 管接頭的選擇 ...................................................56
10.3 油箱的設計和計算 .................................................56
10.3.1 概述 ...........................................................56
10.3.2油箱的構造和設計要點............................................ 57
10.3.3 油箱結構輔助元件設計： .........................................57
10.3.4 油箱的設計： ...................................................60
10.4 液壓泵組的連接和安裝方式 .........................................62
11 液壓系統的安裝、使用和維護 .........................................64
11.1 液壓系統的安裝................................................... 64
11.2 調試............................................................. 70
11.3 液壓系統的合理使用............................................... 71
11.4  保養 ............................................................73
結  論................................................................ 75
參考文獻：............................................................ 76
英文原文 ..............................................................77
中文譯文.............................................................. 81
致  謝 ................................................................85

摘   要

     礦井提升設備是沿井筒提升礦石、廢石、升降人員和設備、下放材料的大型機械設備。它是礦山井下生產系統和地面工業廣場相連接的樞紐、是礦山運輸的咽喉。因此，礦井提升設備在礦井生產全過程中占有及其重要的地位。
隨著科學技術的發展及生產的機械化和集中化，目前，世界上經濟比較發達的一些國家，提升機的運輸速度已達，一次提升量達到，電動機容量已經超過，其安全可靠性尤為突出。在礦井生產過程中，如果提升設備出現了故障，必然會造成停產。輕者，影響礦石產量，重者，則會危及人身安全。
此外，礦山提升設備是一大型的綜合機械－電氣設備，其成本和耗電量比較高，所以，在新礦井的設計和老礦井的改建設計中，確定合理的提升系統時，必須經過多方面的技術經濟比較，結合礦井的具體條件，保證提升設備在選型和運轉兩個方面都是合理的，即要求礦井提升設備具有經濟性。                                                                   
液壓系統主要由動力元件、執行元件、控制元件、輔助元件及傳動介質五大部分組成。具有以下特點：通過能量的相互轉換在運行過程中具有平穩無間隙傳動功能，以實現大范圍的無級變速，簡化傳動；可自動循環工作、自動過載保護；在同等功率輸出情況下，液壓傳動裝置具有體積小、質量輕、運動慣性小、動態性能好等特點；由于油作為傳動介質，液壓元件具有自我潤滑作用，壽命延長，且液壓元件都是標準化、系列化產品，便于互換和推廣應用。

關鍵詞：礦井提升設備；液壓系統

ABSTRACT

Mine is along the shaft upgrade equipment upgrade ore, waste rock, the movements of personnel and equipment, the decentralization of large-scale machinery and equipment. It is mine and mine production systems connected to the ground at the industrial hub of the transport is mine throat. Therefore, upgrading equipment in the mine shaft in the whole process of production and occupy an important position.
With the development of science and technology and production mechanization and decentralization, at present, the world economy is relatively developed in some countries, upgrading the transport plane has speed, the first upgrade of reach, the motor has exceeded capacity, particularly in its security and reliability. Mine production in the process of upgrading equipment if a fault, will inevitably cause shutdown. Light, the impact of ore production, weight, will endanger their personal safety.
      In addition, the mine is a major upgrade of equipment and Machinery - electrical equipment, the cost and power consumption is relatively high, therefore, the design of the new and old mine shaft into the design, determine a reasonable upgrade system, must go through various technical Economy, with the specific conditions of the mine to ensure that upgrading equipment in the selection and operation of the two aspects are reasonable, which called for mine equipment upgrade of an economic nature.
      The main driving force from the hydraulic system components, the implementation of components and control devices, components and auxiliary transmission medium five major components. Has the following characteristics: the conversion of energy in the process of running a smooth seamless transmission functions, in order to achieve a wide range of CVT, simplifying transmission; automatically cycle work, automatic overload protection; power output in the same circumstances, the hydraulic Transmission device with small size, light weight, small movement of inertia, good dynamic performance characteristics as a transmission medium because of oil, hydraulic components are self-lubricating, life extension, and hydraulic components are standardized, and serialization of products, facilitate inter - For the promotion and application.

Key words: mine upgrade equipment; hydraulic system