8000kN立柱試驗臺結構設計

機械論文編號:JX305 所有圖紙,論文字數:40483.頁數:102

目    錄
1 立柱試驗臺總體結構方案設計 ...........................................1
1.1 課題研究背景和意義................................................. 1
1.2 立柱試驗臺檢測項目和實驗方法 .......................................1
1.3 擬定試驗臺總體結構方案 .............................................3
2 外加載液壓系統設計 ...................................................5
2.1 液壓技術簡介 .......................................................5
2.1.1 液壓系統概述 .....................................................5
2.1.2 液壓傳動的優點................................................... 6
2.1.3 液壓技術的缺點 ...................................................7
2.2 液壓加載系統工況分析及設計要求..................................... 7
2.3 液壓加載系統方案設計 ...............................................8
2.3.1 選擇液壓動力源................................................... 8
2.3.2 選擇執行元件..................................................... 8
2.3.3 確定控制方式..................................................... 8
2.3.4 液壓回路設計..................................................... 9
2.3.5 選定液壓油類型................................................... 11
2.3.6 系統壓力、流量的調定和測量 .......................................12
2.4 擬定外加載系統原理圖 ...............................................12
2.5 加載液壓缸主要參數計算............................................. 14
2.5.1 初選液壓缸工作壓力............................................... 14
2.5.2 確定液壓缸的主要結構尺寸......................................... 14
2.5.3 驗算最小穩定速度 .................................................15
2.5.4 活塞桿穩定性驗算................................................. 16
2.6 計算系統壓力 .......................................................17
2.6.1 計算加載缸各工況壓力............................................. 18
2.6.2 確定系統供油壓力 .................................................18
2.7 計算系統各工況的流量 ...............................................18
2.8 液壓泵的參數計算與型號選擇 .........................................19
2.8.1 計算液壓泵的最大工作壓力......................................... 19
2.8.2 確定液壓泵的輸出流量............................................. 20
2.8.3 選擇液壓泵....................................................... 21
2.9 與液壓泵匹配的原動機的選擇......................................... 24
2.9.1 計算液壓泵各工況的輸出功率....................................... 24
2.9.2 選擇電動機型號 ...................................................25
2.10 液壓元件的選擇 ....................................................26
2.10.1 液壓閥類元件的選擇 ..............................................26
2.10.2 過濾器的選擇 ....................................................27
2.10.3 蓄能器的選擇 ....................................................28
2.10.4 液壓油管的選擇.................................................. 30
2.10.5 液壓油箱容積的計算.............................................. 34
2.11 外加載液壓系統的驗算 ..............................................34
2.11.1 系統的壓力損失驗算 ..............................................35
2.11.2 系統的發熱溫升驗算.............................................. 37
2.12 油箱的設計 ........................................................38
2.12.1 油箱設計要點.................................................... 39
2.12.2 確定油箱的外形尺寸.............................................. 40
2.12.3 油箱的結構設計 ..................................................42
2.13 泵站結構布置設計 ..................................................42
2.13.1 液壓泵站結構設計的注意事項...................................... 42
2.13.2 選擇液壓泵站安裝方式............................................ 43
2.13.3 電動機與液壓泵的聯接方式 ........................................43
2.13.4 液壓泵站布置方案................................................ 44
3 外加載液壓缸設計..................................................... 45
3.1 液壓缸的類型及其特點............................................... 45
3.2 液壓缸主要結構尺寸和性能參數 .......................................46
3.3 液壓缸缸筒和缸蓋的計算............................................. 46
3.3.1 缸筒和缸蓋的結構形式............................................. 46
3.3.2 確定缸筒的壁厚 ...................................................48
3.3.3 確定液壓缸的外徑 .................................................48
3.3.4 缸筒壁厚的驗算 ...................................................48
3.3.5 缸蓋厚度的計算................................................... 50
3.4 缸體長度的確定 .....................................................51
3.5 活塞的最小導向長度H的確定 ..........................................52
3.6 導向套尺寸配置 .....................................................52
3.6.1 導向套受力分析 ...................................................52
3.6.2 導向套尺寸與加工要求 .............................................54
3.7 液壓缸油口直徑的計算 ...............................................55
3.8 活塞桿組件的尺寸計算 ...............................................56
3.8.1 活塞桿組件的組成與材料........................................... 56
3.8.2 活塞尺寸計算及連接方式選擇 .......................................56
3.9 加載缸密封圈的選擇................................................. 59
3.9.1 密封裝置類型選擇................................................. 59
3.9.2 密封圈材料的選擇 .................................................64
3.10 液壓缸設計注意的問題.............................................. 64
4 增壓液壓缸設計 .......................................................66
4.1 增壓液壓缸工作原理 .................................................66
4.1.1 增壓回路��....................................................... 66
4.1.2 增壓液壓缸結構................................................... 67
4.2 增壓缸主要結構尺寸計算和性能參數確定............................... 68
4.2.1 已知增壓缸參數....................................................68
4.2.2 確定增壓缸的主要結構尺寸 .........................................68
4.2.3 確定液壓缸的増壓行程............................................. 69
4.3 增壓缸大缸筒的計算................................................. 70
4.3.1 大缸筒和兩缸蓋的結構形式......................................... 70
4.3.2 確定大缸筒的壁厚................................................. 70
4.3.3 確定增壓缸大缸筒的外徑............................................71
4.3.4 大缸筒壁厚的驗算 .................................................71
4.4 增壓缸小缸筒的計算 .................................................73
4.4.1 小缸筒和兩缸蓋的結構形式......................................... 73
4.4.2 確定小缸筒的壁厚 .................................................74
4.4.3 確定小鋼筒的外徑 .................................................75
4.4.4 小缸筒壁厚的驗算 .................................................75
4.5 缸體長度的確定 .....................................................76
4.6 活塞的最小導向長度H的確定 ..........................................77
5 試驗臺承載框架結構設計 ...............................................78
5.1機架設計的準則和要求 ................................................78
5.1.1 機架設計的準則................................................... 78
5.1.2 機架設計的一般要求 ...............................................78
5.1.3 機架設計的傳統步驟 ...............................................79
5.2 承載框架的結構選型與三維建模 .......................................79
5.2.1 選擇機架形式與鋼板材料 ...........................................79
5.2.2 三維設計應用的趨勢 ...............................................80
5.2.3 選擇三維設計軟件的關鍵考慮因素 ...................................81
5.2.4  SolidWorks的功能 ...............................................81
5.3 承載框架的有限元分析............................................... 82
6 結論.............................................. ..................89
參考文獻 ..............................................................90
附  錄................................................................ 92
附錄Ⅰ 內加載系統原理圖與選型.......................................... 92
附錄Ⅱ 框架單側承載梁應力分布圖........................................ 94
附錄Ⅲ 框架單側承載梁位移分布圖 ........................................95
附錄Ⅳ SolidWorks最新版本SolidWorks  2007概述 .........................96
附錄Ⅴ COSMOS 2007簡介 ...............................................99
致  謝 .............................................................102

摘   要
     液壓支架是現代煤礦綜采工作面中的配套支護設備,立柱是其主要結構件。立柱工作的可靠性直接關系到礦井生產的正常化和工人的生命安全。
隨著我國煤炭工業的不斷發展，國家對安全生產治理力度的加大，對礦用機電設備的檢測技術提出了更高的要求。立柱性能檢測試驗臺是進行立柱質量檢測的必要設備,是立柱質量監控的保障。
本文設計的立柱試驗臺能夠兼容歐洲標準和國家標準，能夠檢測單根工作阻力達8500kN的立柱的性能。本文介紹了立柱性能檢測的方法、試驗臺的組成、原理，設計了加載系統和承載框架。
本設計的主要內容：
1. 詳細設計了外加載系統、加載液壓缸、增壓缸、油箱、聯結罩、聯軸器、承載框架。
2. 選取外加載泵站、大泵組、增壓缸、加載液壓缸、聯軸器、加載缸導向套等零部件進行了繪圖。
3. 承載框架部分，用SolidWorks 2007進行建模，并借助于SolidWorks 2007的一款有限元分析工具COSMOS進行了應力分析。

關鍵詞：液壓支架立柱；液壓加載系統；試驗臺；

ABSTRACT
In the modern mining the hydraulic support is the necessary ancillary equipment, the legs is one of its main elements. The reliability of the legs directly relates the mine pit production normalized and worker's safe.
Along with China coal industry unceasing development, the government to safety dynamics enlarging in production set a higher request to the mineral electromechanical device examination technology.The legs performance test-bed is the legs quality examination of the fittings is the quality monitoring safeguard of the legs.
The legs test-bed of this article designed can compatible European standard and the national standard.，can examine the legs performance of the working resistance reach 8500kN。This article introduced the method of legs performance examination, the test platform composition, designed the loading system and the load bearing frame.
The main content of this article:
1. This article designed the loading system,the hydraulic cylinder，the turbo-charged cylinder, the pumping station fuel tank, joins the cover, the shaft coupling, the load bearing frame in detail.
2. Selected the pumping station of loading, the big pump group, the hydraulic cylinder, the turbo-charged cylinder,  the shaft coupling, the cylinder guidance and so on has carried on the cartography.
3. The design of load bearing frame, with the SolidWorks 2007 carries on the design, and drew support to SolidWorks 2007 section finite element analysis tool COSMOS carried on the stress analysis.

Keywords: The Legs of hydraulic support; Hydraulic Loading System; Test-bed;