提升機減速器故障診斷分析

機械論文編號:JX309 所有圖紙,論文字數:34437.頁數:88
目錄

目錄 ..................................................................1
第一章緒論 ...........................................................3
1．1   本課題研究的意義............................................... 3
1．2   本論文主要研究的內容........................................... 4
1．3   礦井提升設備簡介............................................... 4
1．4   礦井提升機減速器............................................... 6
1．5   機器設備故障診斷技術現狀及以后的發展動向 .......................8
1．6    機械故障故障診斷信息的采集.................................... 11
第二章機器或系統的監測中的重要組成部分---傳感器...................... 12
2．1   傳感器概述 .....................................................13
2．2   傳感器構成 .....................................................14
2．3   在提升機減速器中選用的傳感器介紹： .............................16
2．3．1、鉑電阻溫度傳感器 .............................................16
2．3．2   熱電偶溫度傳感器............................................ 17
2．3．3   壓電式加速度傳感器.......................................... 19
2．3．4   內裝IC壓電式加速度傳感器：.................................. 21
2．3．5   壓力傳感器（流量計專用壓力傳感器）示意圖：................. 26
第三章模擬軟件labview ................................................29
3．1   labview 概述................................................... 29
第四章   提升機減速器故障機理的研究 ...................................32
4．1   提升機減速器常見的故障機理 .....................................32
4.1.1   齒面磨損 ......................................................33
4.1.2  齒輪點蝕與剝落原因分析......................................... 34
4．1．3軸承故障及解決方案一覽表 .......................................35
第五章   提升機減速器的故障監測 .......................................37
5．1 減速器振動故障概述............................................... 37
5．2  應用振動檢測與故障診斷的方法分類................................ 37
5．2．1、時域法 .......................................................37
5．2．2、頻域法 .......................................................38
5．2．3、倒頻譜分析 ...................................................38
5．2．4、包絡分析..................................................... 39
5．2．5、高階統計參數法................................................39
5．2．6、平穩循環變量法 ...............................................40
5．2．7、小波分析方法................................................. 41
5．2．8、神經網絡方法................................................. 43
5．3     礦井提升機減速箱故障機理研究 .................................44
5．3．1  提升機減速器齒輪傳動的動力學分析 .............................44
5．3．2礦井提升機減速箱信號處理方法研究 ...............................48
5．3．3提升機齒輪箱實測振動信號分析................................... 49
5．3．4   減速箱labview模擬的實現 .....................................52
5．4 倒頻譜法在齒輪減速箱的噪聲分析 ...................................52
5．4．1齒輪變速箱產生振動的噪聲的機理................................. 52
5．4．2  倒頻譜分析方法原理........................................... 53
5．4．3   反射回聲的分析與剔除........................................ 53
5．5裂紋齒頻譜分析的應用 ..............................................55
5．5．1 裂紋齒頻譜分析原理 ............................................56
5．5．2  信號分析和故障診斷 ...........................................58
5．6滾動軸承的監測技術與失效根本原因分析.............................. 60
5．6．1  不同監測技術對軸承失效形式的適用性 ...........................60
5．6．2  不同監測技術在軸承壽命周期中的適用性......................... 61
5．6．3  加速度包絡解調技術的處理減速器軸承的原理..................... 63
5．6．4  滾動軸承振動的周期平穩性分析..................................65
5．6．5   軸承疲勞壽命監測............................................ 70
5．7  溫度及壓力的模擬軟件的實現（labview） ...........................80
附  錄 ................................................................83
總  結 ................................................................85
參考文獻.............................................................. 86

摘   要

     隨著煤炭工業的發展，礦山機械的安全運行也變得越來越重要，對礦山設備的安全監測受到了人們的廣泛重視。在現如今，礦山安全越來越受到國家的重視，安全是本質，因為在礦山機械中的不安全因素的復雜性和多樣性逐漸也隨之一而來，還有人機、環境系統系統信息的復雜性。對現代的多學科、多領域的技術和理論更有了進一步要求。在安全技術中引入各學科的新成果，是現代安全技術發展的必經之路。機械的故障診斷學科現階段已具有了理論完善、實踐成熟的特點，在工業上也得到了廣泛的應用，把它引入到礦山機械的安全技術中必將促進安全工業的質量和體質。礦山提升機是礦山產的重要設備，而提升機減速器是其重要的組成部件之一，對其進行監測具有非常重要的意義。本次論文對提升機減速器的故障的原因、類型、特性進行了分析，并采用了振動監測的方法對提升機減速器的運行過程進行了監測。利用頻譜、倒頻譜、包絡法等進行了分析。并對軸承的監測技術和失效原因進行了分析，利用振動監測分析了軸承的平衡性和疲勞壽命等。并分析了幾種軸承的幾個測點的振動分析，還利用了溫度測量法對軸承進行了監測。
本次還在原有的故障診斷系統的基礎上，結合了圖形的虛擬儀器語言LabVIEW開發了相關的連續波形，并用于了提升機減速器的齒輪故障、軸承故障、潤滑油的潤滑系統的壓力等。
關鍵詞：振動 LabVIEW 診斷 磨損 噪聲 頻譜 監測

 ABSTRACT

Along with the development of coal industry, mineral mountain machine of safety the movement also becomes more and more important, being subjected to people's extensive value to the safe monitor of mineral mountain equipments.Now now, the mineral mountain safety is more and more valued by the nation, the safety is an essence, because of in complexity and diverse sex of[with] the mineral mountain insecurity factor within machine gradually also immediately a since then, return the complexity of someone's machine, the system information of the environment system.To many academicses of the modern, many technique and theories of realm had a further request more.Leading a new result of going into each academics in the safe technique is the only route that the modern and safe technique develops.Machine of breaking down and diagnosing the academics has already had theories currently perfect, practice mature of characteristics, also got an extensive application on the industry, lead it into mineral mountain the safe technique of the machine in will promote necessarily safety industry of the quality and the physical endowment.Mineral mountain's promoting machine's ising the important equipments that the mineral mountain produces, but promoting machine deceleration a machine is it constitutes one of the partses importantly, as to it's carrying on a monitor to have count for much meaning.This thesis carried on analysis to the reason, type, characteristic of the breakdown which promotes machine deceleration a machine, and adopted the method of[with] vibration monitor to carry on a monitor to the movement process which promotes machine deceleration a machine.Make use of a frequency chart, pour a frequency chart and wrapped 絡 method's etc. to carry on analysis.And carried on analysis to monitor technique and expired reason of bearings, made use of a vibration monitor to analyze balance and tired life span etc. of bearings.Combine analytical several vibrations which measure a point of a few bearingses are analytical, also making use of temperature diagraph a method to carry on a monitor to the bearings.
This time still at original of break down foundation of diagnosing the system up, the virtual instrument language LabVIEW which combines sketch developed related continuous wave a form, counteracting in promote the breakdown, pressure etc. of the lubrication system of lubricant of the wheel gear breakdown, bearings that the machine decelerates a machine.
Keyword: Vibrating  the LabVIEW   Diagnosis  Wear away  Voice  Frequency chart
Monitor