一枝黃花殺蟲活性提取工藝研究

化工論文編號:HG113  論文字數:12778,頁數:28

目  錄
中文摘要.............................................................I
英文摘要............................................................II
目錄...............................................................III
1．緒論 .............................................................1
 1.1一枝黃花的化學成分..............................................1
 1.2一枝黃花主要生物活性物質.. .....................................4
 1.3植物源農藥研究進展..............................................6
 1.4一枝黃花作為新型殺蟲劑植物藥源的研究..........................9
 1.5主要任務與目標 ................................................9
 2．實驗部分  .......................................................10
 2.1一枝黃花的不同生長部位水浸提提取物殺蟲活性的測試情況 .........10
 2.2不同提取方法得到的提取物殺蟲活性的測試情況   ................12
 3．結果與討論......................................................14
3.1一枝黃花不同生長部位提取物對蟲的測試結果分析.................14
3.2不同提取方法得到的提取物殺蟲活性的測試結果分析...............16
3.3結果與討論...................................................18
4．前景展望  ......................................................19
 4.1間接開發利用..................................................19
 4.2植物源農藥資源途徑的創新......................................20
 4.3植物源農藥研究開發展望........................................20
致謝  .............................................................22
參考文獻   ........................................................23

摘要：本文先采用水溶液回流方法對一枝黃花的不同生長部位進行提取，結果顯示：莖的提取液對蟲基本無效，葉的提取液殺蟲效果明顯。然后用不同的提取方法對一枝黃花的葉子部分進行提取。結果顯示:甲醇超聲提取液的殺蟲活性最好，乙醇浸提法所得提取液次之，水回流提取液最弱。超聲波提取是近年來廣泛采用的一種新型提取技術。它是采用超聲波輔助溶劑進行提取，聲波產生高速、強烈的空化效應和攪拌作用，破壞植物細胞，使溶劑滲透到植物細胞中，縮短提取時間，提高提取率。超聲波獨具的物理特性能促使植物細胞組織破壁或變形，使有效成分提取更充分，提取率比傳統工藝顯著提高達50—500%。超聲波提取通常在24—40分鐘即可獲得最佳提取率，提取時間較傳統方法大大縮短2/3以上，提取的最佳溫度在40—60℃，對遇熱不穩定、易水解或氧化的植物中有效成分具有保護作用，同時大大節約能耗。超聲提取不受成分極性、分子量大小的限制，適用于絕大多數種類中藥材和各類成分的提取。
關鍵詞：一枝黃花；超聲提取；乙醇浸提；殺蟲活性；

Study of extraction insecticidal activity in Solidago

Abstract: This article first reflux method using aqueous solutions of different growth parts of a flower was extracted to study the root of a flower, stem and leaf extract of the insecticide. The results showed that: the stem extract of the ineffectiveness of insects and leaf extract significantly insecticidal effect. And then use a different extraction methods on the leaves of a flower to extract. The results showed that: Activity of methanol extract of the best ultrasound, ethanol extraction followed by extract obtained. Ultrasonic extraction is widely used in recent years, a new extraction technology. It is the use of ultrasound assisted solvent extraction, sound waves produce high-speed, strong role of cavitation effects and mixing, destruction of plant cells to solvent penetration into plant cells, reduce the extraction time, increase the extraction rate. Unique physical properties of ultrasound can promote plant cell and tissue broken or deformed, so that active ingredients from more fully, the extraction rate was significantly increased compared with the traditional craft up to 50-500%. Extraction is usually 24-40 minutes to get the best extraction rate and extraction time than traditional methods greatly reduce the 2 / 3, the best extraction temperature of 40-60 ℃, on the case of thermal instability, easy hydrolysis or oxidation active ingredients in plants has a protective effect, and greatly reduce energy consumption. Ultrasonic extraction of polar components from the molecular weight size restrictions apply to most types of Chinese herbal medicines and various components of the extract.
 Keywords: Solidago; Ultrasonic extraction; ethanol extraction; insecticidal activity;