納米氧化鉍的發展

化工論文編號:HG002  論文字數:18508,頁數:39

目錄
摘要 ................................................................................1
Abstract.............................................................................2
目錄 ................................................................................3
第一章  緒論 ........................................................................4
1.1 納米材料在國內外研究的趨勢和發展狀況極其應用.....................................4
1.1.1 電子功能材料...................................................................6
1.1.2 燃速催化劑 ....................................................................7
1.1.3 光學材料 ......................................................................7
1.1.4 醫用復合材料 ..................................................................7
1.1.5 防輻射材料.....................................................................7
1.2研究的目的與意義..................................................................8
1.3 國際上采用方法及意義.............................................................8
第二章 實驗部分 ....................................................................10
2.1 實驗原理 .......................................................................10
2.1.1 Bi2O3光催化原理 ..............................................................10
2.1.2光催化性能分析原理.............................................................11
A0 — 羅丹明B溶液的初始吸光度.......................................................12
2.1.3 納米Bi2O3的制備原理 ..........................................................12
2.1.4 一級反應動力學原理 ...........................................................13
2.2 實驗儀器和藥品 .................................................................14
2.2.1 實驗藥品......................................................................14
2.2.2 實驗儀器......................................................................14
2.3 實驗步驟........................................................................15
2.3.1 納米Bi2O3的制備...............................................................15
2.3.2 煅燒溫度對納米Bi2O3光催化性能的影響 ..........................................15
2.3.3 元素摻雜對納米Bi2O3光催化性能的影響 ..........................................15
2.3.4 光催化性能的測試..............................................................16
第三章 結果與討論...................................................................17
3.1 煅燒溫度對產品性能的影響........................................................17
3.2 NiSO4不同摻雜量對Bi2O3粉體催化性能的影響 .......................................19
3.3 草酸(H2C2O4) 不同摻雜量對Bi2O3粉體光催化性能響 .................................21
3.4 NiSO4和草酸雙元素摻雜對Bi2O3粉體光催化性能的影響................................22
第四章 結論.........................................................................23
第五章 環境效益與經濟效益分析 ......................................................24
5.1 環境效益分析 ...................................................................24
5.2 經濟效益分析....................................................................24
參考文獻............................................................................25
致謝................................................................................27
附錄................................................................................28

摘要

綜述了納米氧化鉍的發展研究狀況，并介紹了近年來發展起來的氧化鉍制備方法沉淀法、水解法、溶膠-凝膠法、微乳液法等及在光催化降解材料方面等應用。氧化鉍是一種先進的功能粉體材料，應用前景廣闊。為了研究納米氧化鉍Bi2O3的光催化活性，以分析純硝酸鉍和硝酸為原料，采用化學沉淀法制備出納米Bi2O3粉體。以羅丹明B為光催化降解反應化合物，進行光催化實驗，研究了Bi2O3光催化降解羅丹明B的動力學行為。在Bi2O3懸濁液中，在紫外燈直接照射下，光催化降解羅丹明B溶液，采用分光光度法測量羅丹明B的吸光度，從而得出不同溫度下羅丹明B的降解率，實驗表明，隨著煅燒溫度的升高，晶型發生轉變，固體表面電子結合能增大，光催化活性也相應提高。由此確定最佳的煅燒溫度為850℃。除了研究不同煅燒溫度對納米Bi2O3光催化活性的影響，本文還通過金屬元素Ni及非金屬元素草酸根對納米Bi2O3進行改性，考察了摻雜對Bi2O3光催化性能的影響，從而確定了在某一特定溫度，時間下，金屬/非金屬不同摻雜量對其光催化活性的影響。同樣，可通過光催化降解羅丹明B溶液，得出金屬Ni2+和非金屬C2O42-的最佳摻雜量均為0.6%。最后，通過復合摻雜對光催化材料Bi2O3進行改性處理，結果顯示，復合摻雜使得Bi2O3具有較高的光催化活性。

關鍵詞：氧化鉍；化學沉淀法；光催化降解；羅丹明B；摻雜

Abstract
 The progress of nanosized bismuth oxide is reviewed. Several preparation methods including precipitation process,hydrolysis method,Sol-Gel,microemulsion method are systematically introduced.Some applications of nanosized bismuth oxide used as photocatalytic decomposition material and so on.Bismuth oxideis a advanced functioned powder material,having wide application perspectives.Using Bi2O3·5H2O and HNO3 as raw materials,nanometer Bi2O3 powder was prepared in chemistry precipitation method to study the photocalytic of nano Bi2O3 powders .Photo-catalytic degradation tests were carried out ,with Rhodamine B being the degradation object .The photocalytic degradation of Rhodamine B on Bi2O3 was researched under the UV ray irradiating the absorbance of Rhodamine in the aqueous suspension of Bi2O3 was measured by spectrophotometry ,we calculated the rate constans K of photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B beteen variance of temperation (500～900℃).The structure of Bi2O3 surface increases accordingly ,at the same time ,the photocatalytic activity for pollutans degradation is increased.
 In addition to research on nanotechnology Bi2O3 different calcine temperature catalytic active optical effects, this article also adopted elements Ni metal and non-metallic elements oxalic acid roots of nanotechnology Bi2O3 a modified, inspected the range of Bi2O3-ray catalytic performance impact to determine the temperature at a particular time, metal / non-metallic different mix of the impact of its optical catalytic reactive。Similarly, through optical catalytic degradation Rhodamine B solution, resulting in metal and non-metallic C2O42- Ni2+ the best mix of both 0.6%. Finally, set a camera through the complex mix catalytic materials for modified Bi2O3 processing results composite mix of higher-ray makes Bi2O3 catalytic reactive.

Key words:bismuth oxide;chemistry precipitation method;photocatalytic degradation; Rhodamine B;doping