對文本《活著》的解讀

漢語言文學論文編號:HY086  論文字數:6901,頁數:08

目  錄
 
前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
一、小說文本中生活在苦難中的福貴形象……………………………………… 1
（一）小說的敘述方式………………………………………………………………1
（二）福貴形象表現出的存在主義哲學思想………………………………………1
二、電影文本中的痛并快樂著的福貴形象…………………………………………2
（一）政治運動與家庭密切關系……………………………………………………2
 1、有慶之死………………………………………………………………………2
 2、鳳霞之死………………………………………………………………………3
 3、細節方面………………………………………………………………………3
（二）皮影戲的寓意…………………………………………………………………3
（三）苦中之樂………………………………………………………………………4
三、兩個文本中的福貴形象之比較 ………………………………………………4
（一）不同之處………………………………………………………………………5
（二）相同之處………………………………………………………………………5
結 論 …………………………………………………………………………………6
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………7
致 謝 …………………………………………………………………………………8

摘  要：余華的《活著》自問世以來，反響強烈，獲得過國內外多項大獎，被翻譯成多種文字，贏得了各國讀者的廣泛好評。這部演繹“未知生，焉知死”[1]的作品，脫離了我們習以為常的生活表層，以客觀敘述的角度，進而探討人人都要面臨的生存問題。主人公福貴在經歷了一系列不幸后之后，對死亡漸漸麻木。福貴坦然面對死亡的超然態度，披露了存在主義的樂觀性；同樣是講述福貴面臨生死問題的同名電影，張藝謀則把審視人生的重心放在了時代背景上，對當時的政治給予高度審視；張藝謀在電影中加入了皮影戲，影射主人公的人生如戲；由于電影中的重點在于政治，因此對人生的悲劇性的關注度降低，電影中的主人公在苦難的同時得以享受生活的快樂；兩個文本的福貴形象各有千秋，又有著相似性。兩個福貴形象相互輝映，成為一個新的形象。

關鍵詞：《活著》；福貴；存在主義；悲劇性

The Understanding of the Texts Living

Abstract: Since the author YuHua's works Living has been published, gets a great echo, and acquires many great awards in domestic and overseas. This book is translated into various foreign languages, wins widely good comment from readers all over the world. This works deduces that "one do not know the living, then how to know the death ".[1] And it escapes from the surface of the life which we are accustomed to ,then discusses the survival problem which everyone must face from a object point of view. The protagonist FuGui is gradually numb to death after a series of unfortunate experience. The detached attitude that FuGui takes to death exposes the optimism of existentialism; compared to the same name movie, it also depicts FuGui faces the survival problem, but Zhang Yimou puts the center of gravity on the social background of that times, the movie scans carefully to political status of that times ;Zhang Yimou accedes the shadow play into movie, it alludes the life is just like a drama; this movie focuses on politics, so decreases the attention on tragedy of life, protagonist of movie suffers tribulation, but at the same time he enjoys the joy of life; the images of FuGui from two texts each has his own strong point, and also have some resemblances; the two FuGuis reflect each other, create a new image. 
 Key words: Living; FuGui; Existentialism; Tragedy