鐵礦石與石油賣方壟斷策略之比較

國際貿易論文編號:GM109       論文字數:13515,頁數:21

目   錄

1 導論 ......................................................2
1.1 寡頭的界定 ..............................................2
1.2 相關文獻綜述 ............................................2
1.3 選題背景和意義 ..........................................3
1.4 論文思路及內容 ..........................................3
2 世界鐵礦石市場狀況分析 ....................................4
2.1 世界鐵礦石資源儲量及產量分布 ............................4
2.2 世界鐵礦石供給與需求狀況分析 ............................5
2.3 鐵礦石定價機制 ..........................................7
3 世界石油市場狀況分析 ......................................7
3.1 歐佩克及其形成背景 ......................................7
3.2  全球石油的供給與需求狀況 ...............................8
3.3 國際原油定價機制 ........................................9
4 鐵礦石與石油賣方壟斷策略比較分析 ..........................10
4.1鐵礦石與石油賣方壟斷策略相同之處分析 .....................10
4.2 鐵礦石與石油賣方壟斷策略異同之處分析 ....................11
4.2.1產品價格影響力的差異 ...................................11
5.  結論及提高我國在基礎資源價格上發言權的對策 ..............17
5.1 結論 ....................................................17
5.2 發展期貨市場，逐步建成國際定價中心 ......................17
5.3 建立國內企業采購聯盟，爭取合理的價格 ....................17
5.4 實行走出去戰略，鼓勵中國企業到境外投資資源性行業 ........18
5.5 妥善處理長期協議貿易與現貨貿易的關系 ....................18
5.6 打破國內資源市場的壟斷，建立談判協同機制 ................19
參考文獻  ...................................................20
致謝  .......................................................21

摘　  要

      隨著經濟的高速發展，我國資源消耗量速猛增加，資源的對外依存度日益升高。然而，作為資源進口大國，在面對國際基礎資源市場上的壟斷賣方，確定進口價格時，我國卻少有定價權。本文以鐵礦石、石油為例，首先對國際鐵礦石和石油市場現狀進行深入分析，窺視當今鐵礦石和石油市場格局及其定價機制，發現其壟斷的市場條件。接著以理論與實際相結合的方式，對比探討鐵礦石寡頭賣方及OPEC如何實現其對產品市場價格和市場份額的控制，并從市場結構和博弈論等角度對雙方壟斷形式與策略進行比較，指出其相同與不同之處。最后在此基礎上得出結論，并提出提高鐵礦石、石油等基礎性資源議價能力的相關政策建議。

【關鍵詞】　賣方壟斷    斯塔克爾伯格均衡    納什均衡

 Abstract

During recent years, china has been experiencing a high development period. The wastage of resource which more and more depend on importing is increasing fiercely. However, facing the international monopoly form resource market, china, as one of the largest purchaser in international resource market, obtained little priority in fixing the price. This thesis takes iron ore and petroleum as examples, firstly deeply analyze the international market regarding the iron ore and the petroleum, from which information about the iron ore and the petroleum in detail can be gained as well as the price mechanism concerning the items mentioned. Moreover, the condition for monopoly can also be discovered. Then, the approach in which the monopoly achieves its control on the price and share of the products is discussed seriously, theory and practice are combined in the analysis. In addition, the same and differences are pointed out after carefully comparing their monopoly form and strategy through the view of market structure and game theory. Finally, conclusions are raised base on the above analysis, meanwhile, several relevant policy advice are put forward for enhancing the capability with regard to the negotiation on the basal resources like the iron ore and the petroleum.

【key words】  Monopoly    Stackelberg equilibrium    Nash equilibrium