中國(guó)對(duì)美貿(mào)易順差的政治因素

摘  要

　　中國(guó)入世后，中國(guó)對(duì)美貿(mào)易順差加劇，每年都在遞增。由于中美兩國(guó)分別為發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中最活躍的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，國(guó)內(nèi)需求旺盛促使兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系迅速發(fā)展。盡管中美貿(mào)易順差問(wèn)題的根源并不在中國(guó)，貿(mào)易逆差本身對(duì)美國(guó)的不利影響有限甚至有有利的一面，但美國(guó)政府極有可能在貿(mào)易政策上出現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)變，并且將可能點(diǎn)燃國(guó)際貿(mào)易摩擦的導(dǎo)火線，因此我方必須慎重對(duì)待。所以希望我國(guó)能先從雙方都關(guān)注的政治因素著手，千萬(wàn)不要拿經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行政治施壓，或者拿政策壓力換取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。這樣只會(huì)令問(wèn)題更加復(fù)雜化，無(wú)助于問(wèn)題的解決。最后希望促進(jìn)中美間的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系能夠平穩(wěn)的向前發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：貿(mào)易順差，市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，政治因素，平衡發(fā)展

Abstract

After China entering WTO, the surplus between China and the United States has been increasing year on year.  As China and the United States are two most active economy entity in developing countries and advanced countries, the surplus between China and the United States has little impact on United States economy or maybe in favor of United States to some extent. However, the American government is very likely to make some major change to its current trading policy and thus will possibly cause conflicts to international trading. Therefore, we must take it serious.  We suggest China had better focus on politics rather than use political tools to address economic issues and vice versa.  This will only make things more complicated and harder to solve.  Last but not least, we do hope that every solution to move forward better trading relationship between China and the United States works well and efficiently.

Keywords: Surplus, Market competition, Political factor, Balanced development

目    錄

1　中美貿(mào)易順差的現(xiàn)狀1

2　中美貿(mào)易順差的構(gòu)成3

2.1　中美貿(mào)易的歷史3

2.1.1　近代中美貿(mào)易的狀況：3

2.1.2　現(xiàn)在中美貿(mào)易的狀況5

2.2　對(duì)中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的沉思與反省5

3　政治背景形成順差的種類9

3.1　貿(mào)易種類的分析9

3.1.1　中美貿(mào)易順差總體呈現(xiàn)縮小趨勢(shì)9

3.1.2　美國(guó)繼續(xù)保持我國(guó)第二大貿(mào)易伙伴地位9

3.1.3　加工貿(mào)易項(xiàng)下順差的影響10

3.1.4　外商投資企業(yè)為我國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易主體，私營(yíng)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)較快11

3.1.5　對(duì)美出口主要產(chǎn)品12

3.1.6　高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，我國(guó)進(jìn)口大豆主要來(lái)自美國(guó)12

4　發(fā)展中美政治與貿(mào)易的關(guān)系13

4.1　發(fā)展中美關(guān)系的障礙13

4.2　加強(qiáng)交流與合作16

4.2.1　加強(qiáng)對(duì)美國(guó)的認(rèn)識(shí)16

4.2.2　關(guān)于當(dāng)前中美關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)17

4.3　中美建立戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴的可能性19

4.4　中美貿(mào)易前景的展望21

4.4.1　如何拓展中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的未來(lái)21

4.4.2　如何深化中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系的發(fā)展23

5　結(jié)束語(yǔ)26

參考文獻(xiàn)28

致謝29