銷售人員“賒購”彩票犯罪的法律分析

目  錄

引言

一、當前對彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的不同意見························2

（一）理論界對彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的不同意見····················3

1.該行為構(gòu)成合同詐騙罪·············································3

2.該行為構(gòu)成挪用資金罪·············································3

3.該行為構(gòu)成侵占罪·················································4

4.該行為不構(gòu)成犯罪·················································4

（二）司法實踐中將彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為認定為挪用資金罪·········4

二、彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的要件分析·····························5

（一）彩票銷售人員主體身份·········································5

1.彩票銷售協(xié)議的性質(zhì)···············································7

2.彩票銷售人員與福彩中心的法律關(guān)系·································7

3.彩票銷售人員的主體身份···········································8

（二）賒買彩票行為客觀方面·········································8

（三）彩票銷售人員的主觀目的·······································9

（四）賒買彩票行為侵犯的客體·······································9

三、美國法律對此類行為的規(guī)定······································10

（一）美國對彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的法律規(guī)定····················10

（二）美國彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的司法實踐······················11

1.彩票銷售人員與彩票發(fā)行公司間的關(guān)系······························11

2.彩票銷售人員的行為定性··········································13

四、對此類行為的規(guī)制建議··········································14

（一）完善刑法立法，增加彩票類犯罪································14

（二）加強彩票行業(yè)制度建設(shè)········································15

1.出臺專門規(guī)制彩票業(yè)的《彩票法》···································15

2.完善準入機制，加強對彩票銷售款項的實時監(jiān)督······················15

3.改革彩票業(yè)監(jiān)管體制··············································16

結(jié)語······························································16

參考文獻··························································17

引言

彩票產(chǎn)業(yè)是現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分，自1987年中國官方正式批準彩票公開發(fā)行以來，彩票行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。當然，其中也有很多問題，比如彩票銷售人員經(jīng)常借助彩票投注站的管理便利，不繳納彩票投注金而賒買彩票，希望用獲獎所得的獎金來填補彩票投注金這一空白，卻未能如愿中獎而拖欠了巨額彩票投注金，受到了法律的制裁。關(guān)于這一行為如何定性，理論界一度非常關(guān)注，焦點在于侵占罪、合同欺詐罪、挪用公款等，但在司法實踐中往往將彩票銷售人員的行為定性為挪用資金罪。作者使用了案例分析的方法，分析每個案例的要件基礎(chǔ)上，認為從彩票銷售人員賒買彩票這種行為模式分析，其不完全符合挪用資金罪的全部構(gòu)成要件，因此不能構(gòu)成挪用資金罪。但從現(xiàn)行刑法框架下，相關(guān)的合同詐騙罪、侵占罪等也不能完美定性該的犯罪行為，依照刑法定的原則，在現(xiàn)行刑法中應當考慮這種行為的無罪。但考慮到銷售人員賒買彩票的這種行為不僅直接損害了彩票銷售款的使用權(quán)，而且嚴重擾亂了彩票市場的銷售管理秩序，有很大的社會危害性，應該受到刑法的干預。在參考外國法律對彩票銷售人員賒買彩票行為的定性的經(jīng)驗下，作者建議在刑法中增加彩票類立法，規(guī)定彩票銷售人員的不法行為，另一方面，也要加強行業(yè)自律，提高彩票行業(yè)的制度建設(shè)，希望為彩票市場的穩(wěn)定性提出一些建議。