基于單片微型計算機的測距儀

電子機電論文編號:JD077   字數:14068,頁數:41

目錄

前言....................................................................1
1 緒論..................................................................2
1.1課題的背景和意義.....................................................2
1.2 課題任務............................................................2
2 設計原理..............................................................4
2.1 傳感器..............................................................4
2.1.1 傳感器的定義......................................................4
2.1.2 傳感器的組成......................................................4
2.1.3 傳感器的特性......................................................4
2.1.4 傳感器應用可行性..................................................5
2.2 總體設計思想........................................................6
2.2.1 方案比較..........................................................6
2.2.2本設計選擇方案.....................................................7
3 硬件設計..............................................................9
3.1硬件電路設計.........................................................9
3.2單片機控制系統......................................................10
3.2.1 單片機系統.......................................................10
3.2.2 單片機輔助系統...................................................11
3.3超聲波產生..........................................................12
3.4超聲波接收..........................................................14
3.5超聲波的傳輸特性....................................................15
3.6超聲波發射電路......................................................15
3.7超聲波接收電路......................................................16
3.8顯示電路............................................................19
4 系統軟件設計.........................................................19
4.1系統主程序..........................................................19
4.2系統初始化程序......................................................21
4.3 顯示程序...........................................................22
4.4 延時程序...........................................................22
5 調試.................................................................23
5.1 調試...............................................................23
5.2 試驗結果與誤差分析.................................................23
5.2.1 試驗結果.........................................................23
5.2.2 誤差分析.........................................................24
結論...................................................................25
致謝...................................................................26
參考文獻...............................................................27
附錄...................................................................28
A.51單片機說明.........................................................28
B.元器件清單...........................................................32
C.使用說明.............................................................33
D.系統源程序...........................................................34
E.電路原理圖...........................................................41

摘要  本文介紹了AT89C51單片機的性能和特點，利用模擬電子技術，數字電子技術，微機接口原理，超聲波等知識，分析了測距儀的現狀，對用超聲波傳感器作為媒介，實現測距功能的可行性做出分析，在此基礎上設計出的超聲波測距儀。詳細地介紹了設計測距儀的思路和所需考慮的問題，給出了實現超聲波測距方案的硬件電路，硬件設計系統框圖，以及相應的軟件程序。
關鍵詞：單片機 超聲波 測距儀
Based on single-chip micro-computer rangefinder
Department of electronic information engineering, Class 3，2003
Author: Zeng Haidong
Guidance: Luo Ping   lecturer
(Department of electronic science in Huizhou University , Huizhou, Guangdong, 516007)

Abstract  This paper introduces the AT89C51 features and performance simulations of electronic technology and digital electronics technology, Computer Interface principle, ultrasonic knowledge of the status of rangefinders, ultrasonic sensors as the medium, Ranging achieve functional analysis of the feasibility, based on the design of ultrasonic range finders. Details on the design rangefinders ideas and the need to be considered, is the realization of the program Ultrasonic Ranging hardware, hardware design system block diagram, and the corresponding software program.
Keywords：Single-Chip microcomputer Ultrasonic rangefinder