基于單片機PIC16F877的環境監測系統的設計

電子機電論文編號:JD138  附開題報告,大圖,字數:12272,頁數:29

目   錄
摘   要........................................................................ I
Abstract.......................................................................II
1緒論 ........................................................................ .1
1.1環境監測技術的發展...........................................................1
1.2本文的立論依據 ..............................................................1
1.3本文的主要工作及內容安排 ....................................................2
2.1總體設計說明 ................................................................1
2.2核心電路設計 ................................................................2
2.2.1最小系統...................................................................2
2.2.2電源部分 ..................................................................3
2.2.3液晶顯示模塊...............................................................4
2.2.4按鍵模塊...................................................................5
2.2.5通信模塊 ..................................................................6
2.2.6傳感器模塊.................................................................7
2.2.7實時時鐘電路...............................................................8
2.2.8存儲器模塊 ............................................................... 9
2.2.9聲光報警模塊 ..............................................................10
3軟件設計.......................................................................11
3.1總體設計 ....................................................................11
3.2判斷控制子程序...............................................................12
3.3液晶顯示程序設計.............................................................13
3.4鍵盤處理子程序...............................................................14
3.5模擬量輸入采集程序設計.......................................................15
3.6通信子程序設計...............................................................16
4.1 硬件抗干擾設計 .............................................................17
4.1.1 選擇可靠的元器件 .........................................................17
4.1.2 屏蔽措施..................................................................17
4.1.3 電源抗干擾措施........................................................... 17
4.1.4 過程通道抗干擾措施 .......................................................18
4.1.5 印制電路板抗干擾設計 .....................................................18
4.2 軟件抗干擾設計..............................................................18
5結論 ..........................................................................20
5.1結論........................................................................ 20
5.2本課題的應用前景 ............................................................20
致   謝........................................................................ 22
參考文獻 .......................................................................23

摘   要
隨著國家對環境污染問題的重視和公眾環境保護意識的提高，無論是控制或防治環境污染和環境惡化，還是從改善環境質量等各個方面，環境保護都是十分重要。
本文首先分析了國內外環境監測方面的現狀，提出開發了一種新型環境智能監控系統。它以微控制器 PIC16F877為核心，采集顯示環境的各項運行參數，實現越限報警功能，配置新式的微型低功耗傳感器，實現溫度、濕度、光照度、有害氣體濃度等參數的采集處理、存儲、通信等功能。論文重點研究環境監測智能監控系統的硬件結構和軟件流程。硬件部分具體分析了各種傳感器的選用、模擬量處理電路、單片機及外圍電路、顯示電路和通訊接口電路。軟件部分介紹了環境智能監控系統的軟件算法，包括主程序流程圖、數據采集、鍵盤掃描、針對傳感器的程序設計、顯示、上位機通訊。由于該工作環境惡劣，存在各種干擾。論文提出了環境智能監控系統提高抗干擾能力的措施，主要從硬件和軟件兩個方面采取措施。
本系統可提供準確可靠的環境動監測數據，及時、準確、系統地收集、匯總環境數據，實現對大范圍區域的環境實時監測。

關鍵字：單片機；傳感器；智能監測；存儲器
According to single slab the design of system of the environment monitor of the machine PIC16 F877
Abstract
With the national attention on the problem of environmental pollution and the improving public awareness of environmental protection, either control or prevention of environmental pollution and environmental degradation, nor improve the environment quality, and other various aspects, environmental protection is very important.
The status of the domestic and international environmental monitoring are analyzed, a new smart environmental monitoring system are developed. It is PIC16F877 microcontroller as the core, the operating parameters of the environment are collected and showed, and achieves alarm functions. The new low-power micro-sensors are collocated to achieve collection of the parameters which include temperature, humidity, light, the concentration of harmful gases, and other parameters, and then the functions about processing, storage, and communications are achieved. It focuses on the hardware and software processes of environmental monitoring intelligent monitoring system. It is specifically analyzed in hardware part that the selection of a variety of sensors, analog processing circuit, microcontroller and external circuit, show circuit and communications interface circuits. On the software part, it's about those software algorithms of the environment intelligent monitoring system, including the main program flow charts, data collection, and keyboard scan, the procedure design for sensor, display, and PC communications. As the poor working environment, various kinds of interference are existing. So the anti-jamming measures are advanced to enhance the ability of the environment monitoring system, taking measures mainly from two aspects of hardware and software.
This system will provide accurate and reliable environment monitoring data. It's timely, accurate and systematic that collection, gather environmental data, and achieving real-time monitoring environment at large areas.

Key words：Single slab machine；Transducer；The intelligence examine；Memory