大功率電器智能識別與用電安全控制器的設(shè)計

電子機電論文編號:JD154  字?jǐn)?shù):20936,頁數(shù):48

目   錄

摘 要 ............................................................................ Ⅰ
Abstract.......................................................................... Ⅱ
第1 章  緒論 ......................................................................1
1.1 用電管理的意義................................................................ 1
1.2 用電管理的發(fā)展及前景 ..........................................................2
1.3 課題的來源及主要研究內(nèi)容.......................................................4
1.3.1 課題來源 ....................................................................4
1.3.2 主要研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................4
第2章  系統(tǒng)硬件的介紹及元件的選擇................................................. 5
2.1 系統(tǒng)的主要組成................................................................ 5
2.2 系統(tǒng)及各主要模塊的介紹.........................................................6
2.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)檢測模塊................................................................ 6
2.2.2 控制模塊................................................................ ....6
2.2.3 繼電器執(zhí)行模塊 ..............................................................7
2.2.4 中繼模塊.................................................................... 7
第3章  系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計..............................................................8
3.1 數(shù)據(jù)檢測模塊的設(shè)計 ............................................................8
3.2 控制模塊的設(shè)計 ................................................................9
3.2.1 單片機的介紹及選擇 ..........................................................9
3.2.2 控制模塊的設(shè)計 ..............................................................12
3.2.3 時鐘與復(fù)位電路...............................................................14
3.3 繼電器執(zhí)行模塊 ................................................................15
3.3.1 光電耦合器的介紹 ............................................................15
3.3.2 光電耦合電路................................................................ 16
3.3.3 繼電器電路的設(shè)計.............................................................16
3.4 中繼模塊的設(shè)計................................................................ 16
3.4.1 模塊總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定 ..........................................................17
3.4.2 系統(tǒng)使用的MAX485芯片介紹 ....................................................17
3.4.3 多機通信.................................................................... 18
3.5 電源電路設(shè)計 ..................................................................21
3.6 斷電保護電路 ..................................................................24
第4章  大功率負(fù)載智能識別算法 .....................................................27
4.1 傅立葉變換法 ..................................................................27
4.2小波變換法 .....................................................................29
4.3 本系統(tǒng)采用的算法 ..............................................................30
第5章  系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計............................................................... 31
5.1 主程序算法分析 ................................................................31
5.2程序流程 .......................................................................32
5.2.1 主程序流程 ..................................................................33
5.2.2 初始化子程序................................................................ 33
5.2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換子程序流程圖 .........................................................34
5.2.4 差值比較算法子程序流程圖 ....................................................35
5.2.5 減法子程序流程圖 ............................................................36
5.2.6 比較子程序流程圖 ............................................................37
5.2.7 通信子程序了流程圖.......................................................... 38
5.2.8 控制子程序流程圖 ............................................................39
結(jié)束語 ............................................................................40
參考文獻.......................................................................... 41
致謝  .............................................................................42
附錄系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計總圖..........................................................43

一、基本任務(wù)及要求：
本課題要求針對一般公寓用電管理及用電安全存在的一些問題，進行調(diào)研分析，設(shè)計能智用電控制器。能在設(shè)定的總功率范圍內(nèi)智能識別大功率電器并限制其使用，并能通過串行通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理實現(xiàn)對各居住樓以及生活區(qū)的管理。                                         
主要設(shè)計內(nèi)容為： ①確定控制器以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的總體設(shè)計方案；②硬件原理設(shè)計，完成參數(shù)計算與元器件選擇，控制器原理圖的設(shè)計；③應(yīng)用軟件的設(shè)計與調(diào)試；⑤*以及聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理軟件及操作界面的設(shè)計；

摘要：由于學(xué)校宿舍的用電管理和用電安全存在著眾多問題，所以我們設(shè)計了一個以單片機為核心能自動識別大功率電器并能限制其使用的智能用電控制器。介紹了系統(tǒng)的組成、主要模塊的工作原理及程序流程圖。該控制器主要適用于學(xué)生寢室、集體宿舍、教室、等一些集體公共場所。當(dāng)有常規(guī)小功率電器接入時，電流的瞬間變化量將不會超過設(shè)定值，電路能正常供電。而當(dāng)有單個功率在設(shè)定值以上的電器接入時，瞬時電流的變化量將超過允許使用單個電器的上限值，單片機主控器將切斷電源，能有效的防范學(xué)生在宿舍內(nèi)使用大功率禁用電器，減少安全隱患節(jié)約電能。
關(guān)鍵詞：智能識別、單片機、串行A/D、RS485總線

Abstract:Because the electrical management and safety problems widely existed in dormitories, a chip microcomputer-based intelligent electrical controller which can automatically identify high-power electric appliances was developed. With the ability of prevent using banned high-power electric appliances, this design can be applied in dormitories, classrooms, and some other public places to reduce incipient fault of safety. Besides, it needs less electric energy to run than other systems with similar function. As have routine little power electric apparatus connect fashionable, person who change can exceed the establishing value twinkling of an eye in electric current, circuit Yes to supply power normally. And as have power above electric apparatus of establishing etc. at inserting circuit , instantaneous change amount of electric current exceed limit of having used to allow, it should be worth that the one-chip computer will cut the power. This work introduced the element of this system, operating principle of its main block and flowchart of its program.
Key words:intelligent identification、chip-microcomputer、serial A/D、RS485 bus