一氧化碳報警器

電子機電論文編號:JD193    字數:28091,頁數:53     

目錄

引  言 3
1  緒 論 4
1.1 課題背景 4
1.2 一氧化碳報警器的概述 5
1.3 課題研究的目的及意義 5
1.4 系統設計主要任務 6
2  方案設計 6
2.1 設計要求 6
2.2 初始方案 7
2.2.1系統方案的選擇 8
2.2.2系統方案的確定 10
2.3 系統組成 10
2.3.1一氧化碳報警器系統的三大部分 11
2.3.2系統各個模塊功能說明 12
2.3.3系統功能擴展 13
3  硬件電路設計 13
3.1 設計使用的基本知識介紹 13
3.2 芯片介紹[4]及相關電路模塊設計 14
3.2.1主控電路原理 14
3.2.2電源電路 18
3.2.3傳感器的選擇及電路 20
3.2.4事故處理電路的設計 23
3.2.5顯示電路的設計 25
3.2.6 計算機串口通信的技術與其標準 28
3.3設計的硬件電路 34
4  軟件部分 35
4.1 單片機編程 35
4.1.1軟件部分設計的功能 35
4.1.2程序框圖和主要程序介紹 36
4.2 上位機（PC機）編程 38
4.2.1 VB下串行通信的方法 38
4.2.2串行通信的控件MSComm及其使用方法 38
5  系統制作及調試 40
5.1系統PCB板的設計 40
5.1.1確定PCB的大小 40
5.1.2布局 40
5.1.3布線 40
5.2 硬件調試 41
5.2.1檢測元器件 41
5.2.2檢測各個引腳信號 41
5.3 軟件調試 41
6  結論 42
謝  辭 43
參考文獻 44
附錄1 45

摘  要

隨著社會的進步和人們生活水平的提高，煤氣或天然氣已成為多數家庭的燃料，由于煤氣泄露和使用天然氣不當而引起的火災給人們的生命財產安全帶來了極大的隱患。怎樣防止煤氣中毒與爆炸已成為人們的迫切需要，為此我們開發研制了程控一氧化碳報警器。
本設計根據設計任務進行了方案設計，設計了相應的硬件電路和系統軟件，研制了一氧化碳報警器原理樣機。
該儀器對一氧化碳進行實時網絡監控，從主機控制多個分機，分機同時巡回檢測多個觀測點，當一氧化碳的濃度超過允許值時，控制電路進行報警，并通過外接排風扇與電磁閥對其進行控制，以防事故的發生；同時設計的一氧化碳報警器能夠實現遠程控制，利用串口通信原理使主監控室能夠監控到每一個報警器，當一氧化碳濃度過大時報警提示主機，使得該一氧化碳報警器具備了程控功能。
本文設計采用的芯片主要是單片機和數模轉換芯片。利用單片機在控制這一方面的應用，采用三路巡回檢測的方法。主體電路部分分為濃度檢測及顯示部分、主控部分以及報警和事故處理部分。用單片機實現對主體電路的控制。設計的過程充分利用了單片機良好的控制性能，對A/D轉換的數據能夠進行運算分析，將傳感器檢測的氣體濃度在LED上顯示出來，并且能夠分析數據控制報警事故處理模塊。
對原理樣機的調試結果表明，所完成的設計實現了設計任務規定的基本功能。此外，為了滿足監控的需求，在系統中增加了通信接口，實現了網絡監控功能，這部分超出了設計任務書規定的任務。

關鍵詞：一氧化碳；報警器；單片機

Abstract

As development of society and people’s standard of living, the coal gas or natural gas has been fuel in majority families. Fire hazards and explosions due to gas or natural gas leaking have done a lot of damage to the safety of people’s lives and property. How to prevent gas poisoning and exploding, which now becomes people’s active demand. Therefore we design programmable carbon-alarm-apparatus.
 It can monitor CO intense real – time, and can check and measure many rooms, When CO concentration is higher than allowed value, its control circuit will give an alarm and solve the problem through external fan and electromagnetically operated valve to avoid accident. And this carbon-alarm-apparatus have network-monitor function, it can obtain extension machine information through the main engine, and has the ability of from the main engine controls the extension machine, the host using the string mouth correspondence principle to monitor to each alarm apparatus, when CO concentration oversized, it can reports to the main engine, caused this carbon-alarm-apparatus to have the program control function.
In this paper, the CMOS chip in design is mainly single-chip-microcomputer (SCM) and A/D conversion chips. A program control of this carbon-alarm-apparatus is designed with SCM technology, has mainly used three groups tours examinations method. The part of hardware include the concentration examination. The display unit, key -controls unit, and the unit of alarm-accident-processes. Used SCM to the main body electric circuit control. In the design process I has mainly used the good control performance of SCM, the data transforms to A/D which can carry on the operation analysis, examines the sensor the gas concentration to display on LED, and controls alarm the accident to process the module.
With the rapid development of network technology and the urgently requirement of modern manage, the network-monitor is becoming praxis. In order to meet this situation, increased the correspondence connection in the system, let the network-monitor is becoming true.
In order to confirm the feasibility of this design proposal, I designed A program control of CO Alarm Apparatus and achieved the basic Function.

Key words: CO; Alarm apparatus; Single-chip-microcomputer