軟膠囊的單片機溫度控制（硬件設計）

電子機電論文編號:JD567 附開題報告,原理圖,論文字數:20959,頁數:40

目   錄
1緒論………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1  設計背景………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2  設計任務………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.3 軟膠囊生產溫度控制系……………………………………………… 2
1.4  硬件設計基本思路……………………………………………………………  2
2  總體設計方案……………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1  設計方案的確定………………………………………………………………… 4
2.2  數據采集系統……………………………………………………………………4
2.3  控制算法的確定………………………………………………………………… 5
2.4  加熱過程描述……………………………………………………………………6
3  硬件電路的確定…………………………………………………………………… 8
3.1  放大器的選擇……………………………………………………………………8
3.2  A/D轉換器與單片機接口 ……………………………………………………11
3.3  AT89C52的應用 ………………………………………………………………15
3.4  顯示電路及接口………………………………………………………………18
3.5  按鍵及其接口…………………………………………………………………22
3.6  過零觸發電路…………………………………………………………………25
4  硬件抗干擾………………………………………………………………………27
5  重要芯片介紹 …………………………………………………………………… 28
結論     ………………………………………………………………………………37
致謝 ………………………………………………………………………………… 38
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………39

附圖A 硬件電路圖……………………………………………………… 40

摘 要
    其課題研究的是以八位的單片機89c52為核心的控制系統，用來控制軟膠囊的生產溫度。溫范圍為0-1000C，精度達±0.50。以89c52單片機為核心控制部件,對被控對象的溫度實時控制。詳細介紹了該系統的軟件實施手段并簡要敘述了系統硬件特點。該系統利用89c52單片機實現溫度自動檢測和自動調節的一種智能裝置。該裝置主要特點在于:溫度設置由硬件實現,由按鍵開關讀入,不需要掉電保護;溫度的自動控制采用PID,對開關量進行控制。在日常使用的電加熱系統中，負載輸出方式主要有：調壓式（變導式）周期過零式（占空比控制）。但調壓式控制功率因數低，對電網產生高次諧諧波污染，占空比控制方式使局部電路瞬間電流過大造成供電設備的加速老化，為克服以上缺點，采用周波過零式（變周期式）控制。變周期控制關鍵是將控制量轉化成導通的周波數，周波數的獲得是利用控制量與導通波數成正比例的關系，運用兩種不同的算法取得的。再通過周波過零脈沖信號送入，單片機AT89C52產生外部中斷完成辨相，計數，認項，驅動輸出控制。最后對系統采用的抗干擾措施做了簡單介紹。設計表明,該溫度控制器的硬件設計簡單,成本低,功耗小,體積小,控溫效果較好,具有一定的實用價值。

關鍵詞：   單片機 溫度控制 PID控制 AT89C52 變周期控制

Title：  The temperature control of the soft capsule                                                  

Abstract：
This lesson a control for investigatively regarding eight single a machine 89 c52s as core system, use to the production temperature that control the soft capsule.The scope of  is 0-100 Cs, the accuracy reach the ± 0.50.With the solid hour in a temperature for single a machine for core controling parts, to drive controling object control.It was detailed to introduced the software of that system puts  into practice the means combines the synopsis described the system hardware characteristics.That system makes use of an a kind of intelligence for the single a machine realizes temperature automatic examination with regulating automatically equips.Should equip the main characteristics consist in: the temperature establishes to be realized by hardware, being read into by key switch, doing not need electricity protection; temperature of automatic control adoption PID, folio pass measure proceeding control.In the electricity of the usual usage heat system, load the exportation method to have primarily:Adjust the press type( change the lead type) period over the type of zero.( occupy the empty ratio control)But adjust the press type control power factor low, produce a pollution to the charged barbed wire net, occupy the empty ratio control way make partial electric circuit moment electric current over big make the acceleration of the power supply equipments aging, for overcoming the above weakness, adoption the cycle controls over the type of zero( change the period type).Changing the period control key is to measures the control to conversion lead the cycle of the count, the winning that cycle number is a relation to make use of control measures with lead the number in direct proportion, making use of two kinds of different calculate ways the acquisition of.Pass again the cycle to send into over the pulse signal of zero, the single a machine AT89C52 creation exterior breaks off to complete the mutually, count, recognize item, drive the exportation control.Finally to the system the anti- interference measure that adopt did the simple introduction.The design expresses, the hardware of the temperature's controller design simple, the cost is low, the consumes small, the physical volume is small, controling the result of better, have the certainly practical value.

Keywords ：
Single-chip microcomputer   Temperature control    PID complex control mode optimal regulation     AT89C52            Change periodicity control