基于單片控制的交流調速設計

電子機電論文編號:JD661  附任務書,答辯PPT,大圖,論文字數:15905,頁數:37

目　　錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 交流調速的發展狀況 1
1.2 現代控制理論的發展 2
1.3 微型計算機控制系統的發展及其在調速系統中的應用 2
2 三相異步電動機交流調速 4
2.1 交流調速方案 4
2.1.1 改變電動機的磁極對數 4
2.1.2 變頻調速 4
2.1.3 變轉差率調速 4
2.2 調壓調速原理和機械特性 4
2.3 基于單片機的的交流調壓調速系統總體設計 8
3 交流調壓主電路設計 10
3.1 主電路及其工作原理 10
3.1.1 主電路裝置 10
3.1.2 主電路原理 10
3.2 交流調壓調速控制主回路設計 11
3.3 同步輸入電路及移相觸發脈沖的產生 12
3.3.1 同步信號輸入電路 12
3.3.2 觸發脈沖線路與驅動電路 13
3.4 主電路參數及元器件選型 15
3.4.1 主電路參數要求 15
3.4.2 晶閘管選擇 15
3.4.3 濾波電容的選擇 15
3.4.4 阻容吸收電路參數計算 15
3.4.5 壓敏電阻的選擇 16
4 控制電路設計 17
4.1 單片機控制線路 17
4.1.1 單片機89C52的組成及引腳 18
4.1.2 A/D芯片ADC0809及其工作原理 19
4.1.3 D/A芯片DAC0832及其工作原理 20
4.1.4 鍵盤/顯示器接口芯片8279 21
4.1.5 LED顯示器 22
4.2 單片機的幾個外圍電路 23
4.2.1 時鐘電路 23
4.2.2 復位電路 24
4.2.3 速度檢測電路 24
4.2.4 過流、過壓的檢測保護電路 24
4.2.5 報警電路 25
4.3 PID調節模塊控制原理和有關的設計 26
4.4 系統工作原理 27
5 系統軟件的總體設計及流程圖 29
5.1 主干程序 29
5.1.1 主程序及流程圖 29
5.1.2 中斷保護服務程序及流程圖 30
5.1.3 鍵盤中斷服務程序及流程圖 30
5.2 子程序模塊: 31
5.2.1 軟起動子程序 31
5.2.2 鍵值處理子程序及流程圖 32
5.2.3 PID子程序及流程圖 33
5.2.4 子程序及流程圖 34
結束語 35
參考文獻 36
附錄A　源程序
附錄B　基于單片機的交流調壓調速系統原理圖

摘  要
與直流電動機相比，交流電動機具有結構簡單、價格便宜、維護方便、慣性小等一系列優點，單機功率比直流電機高得多，電壓容易做成高壓，還能實現高速拖動。隨著近代電力電子技術和計算機的發展以及現代控制理論的應用，交流調速的應用越來越廣泛，本文對交流調速理論進行了介紹。本文重點研究了以單片機控制交流電動機的交流調壓調速技術，交流調壓調速是屬于能耗轉差的調速方法，主要用于籠形異步電動機。文中介紹了單片機對電動機的控制，闡述了晶閘管調壓調速的原理以及其控制系統的工作原理，介紹了硬件系統的設計和軟件系統的編制。硬件系統主要由8位單片機AT89C52控制，包括ADC0809、DAC0832、8279、LED數碼管等芯片組成的外圍電路。該系統功能齊全，只要將反饋信號采入單片機即可實現對被控量的閉環控制，其中使用了PID控制方法，能更加滿足生產過程提出的各式各樣的要求。軟起動功能可實現降壓起動，從而減少了起動設備的體積，節省了經費，控制參數的外部調整使之更適用于不同負載與場合的要求。實時顯示功能可幫助使用者更直觀地了解系統當前的工作情況。系統與感應電動機配合可獲得較大的調速范圍，抗干擾性較強，性能與價格比高，成本遠低于變頻調速系統，這使該系統具有較大的推廣應用潛力。
關鍵詞：  交流電動機  調壓調速  AT89C52  PID控制

Abstract
Compares with the direct current motor, exchanges the electric motor to have the structure simply, the price small advantage, the maintenance convenient, the inertia small and so on a series of merits, the single plane power ratio direct current machine is much higher, the voltage is easy to make the high pressure, but also can realize high speed drives. Along with the modern electric power electronic technology and the computer development as well as the modern control theory application, the exchange velocity modulation application is more and more widespread, this article to exchanged the velocity modulation theory to carry on the introduction. This article with emphasis studied has pressed the velocity modulation technology by the monolithic integrated circuit control motor exchange accent, the exchange accent presses the velocity modulation belongs to the energy consumption Slipping velocity modulation method, mainly used in the cage shape asynchronous motor. In the article introduced the monolithic integrated circuit to the electric motor the control, elaborated the crystal thyratron accent presses the velocity modulation the principle by and its the control system principle of work, introduced the hardware system design and the software system establishment. The hardware system mainly by 8 monolithic integrated circuits AT89C52 control, the periphery electric circuit which including ADC0809, DAC0832, 8,279, chip and so on LED numerical code tube is composed. This system function is complete, so long as the feedback signal will pick into the monolithic integrated circuit then to realize to is controlled the quantity the closed-loop control, in which has used the PID control method, will be able even more to satisfy all kinds of request which the production process proposed. Soft start the merit prefers to realize falls presses the starting, thus reduced the trigger volume, saved the funds, the controlled variable exterior adjustment has caused it to be suitable for the different load and the situation request. The real time display merit prefers to help the user direct-viewing to find out the system current working condition. The system may obtain the bigger velocity modulation scope with the induction motor coordination, the anti-jamming stronger, the performance and the price are higher than, the cost far is lower than the frequency conversion velocity modulation system, this enable this system to have the bigger promoted application potential.
Key word: The motor adjusts  the pressure to modulate velocity   AT89C52   the PID control