無刷直流電機數字控制系統的研究與設計

電子機電論文編號:JD684  附開題報告,大圖,程序,論文字數:24416,頁數:55

目   錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1
1.1   課題背景及目的………………………………………………………1
1.2   國內外研究情況………………………………………………………1
1.3   課題研究方法及趨勢…………………………………………………2
1.4   論文構成及研究內容…………………………………………………3
第2章 BLDCM的數字控制系統的實現策略…………………………………4
2.1   永磁BLDCM本體及其數學模型………………………………………4
2.2   驅動控制系統算法……………………………………………………6
2.3   無刷直流電機的位置檢測……………………………………………7
2.4   反電勢過零檢測換相及電流換相原理………………………………7
2.5   軟件濾波………………………………………………………………10
2.6   轉子位置檢測的誤差分析及其補償…………………………………11
2.7   預定位開環換相起動…………………………………………………11
第3章 BLDCM的基本硬件組成及其工作原理………………………………14
3.1   無刷直流電機的基本硬件組成………………………………………14
3.2   DSP控制器……………………………………………………………15
3.3   控制電路 ……………………………………………………………17
3.3.1  三相全橋逆變電路 …………………………………………18
3.3.2   功率驅動電路………………………………………………19
3.4  轉子位置檢測電路……………………………………………………20
3.5  SCI通信電路及看門狗電路…………………………………………21
 3.5.1   SCI通信電路…………………………………………………21
 3.5.2   看門狗電路……………………………………………………22
第4章 數字控制系統的軟件設計…………………………………………23
4.1   整體設計論述…………………………………………………………23
4.2   換相檢測和開環起動的軟件實現……………………………………24
4.2.1   換相點的軟件實現………………………………………………24
4.2.2   電機旋轉的正、反向控制………………………………………25
4.3   主要子程序論述………………………………………………………26
   4.3.1   轉子轉速調節子程序……………………………………………26
   4.3.2   換相服務子程序…………………………………………………27
   4.3.3   PWM周期中斷子程序(PWM ISR)…………………………………30
4.3.4   ADC轉換中斷服務子程序（ADC ISR）…………………………31
結論………………………………………………………………………………37
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………38
致謝………………………………………………………………………………39
附錄………………………………………………………………………………40
  附錄A   BLDCM控制系統電路圖
  附錄B  數字控制系統軟件程序

摘要
無刷直流電機最主要的應用領域包括各種車輛的驅動、自動控制門和窗的驅動、小型一體化水泵的驅動、自動武器的驅動、計算機外圍設備和音響影視設備的驅動、家用電器的驅動等等。此數字式無刷直流電機控制系統，采用無位置傳感器而用軟件設計獲得轉子位置信號的反電勢法和相關的預定位開環換相起動法，從而代替機械位置傳感器的作用，克服了機械位置傳感器給無刷直流電機所帶來的諸多不利影響，簡化了整個控制系統的結構設計，從而不僅降低了成本，而且提高了系統的可靠性，所以此設計使無刷直流電機在其應用領域具有良好的實際意義和廣闊的應用前景。本文所研究的內容是一個基于TMS320F240 DSP芯片設計的無刷直流電機數字控制系統。由于DSP 芯片的快速運算能力，可以實現更復雜、更智能化的算法，可以通過高速網絡接口進行系統升級和擴展，可以實現位置、速度和電流環的全數字化控制。
本文根據無刷直流電動機的最大特點--以電子換向線路替代了由換向器和電刷組成的機械式換向結構，重點研究了一種無位置傳感器而借助于DSP的強大功能用軟件設計來獲取轉子位置信號的方法——反電動勢過零檢測法以及和其相關的預定位開環換相起動法，從而代替了機械位置傳感器的作用，克服了機械位置傳感器的存在給無刷直流電機所帶來的諸多不利影響，簡化了整個控制系統的結構設計，不僅降低了成本，而且提高了系統的可靠性。
    整篇文章主要分析了整個控制系統的硬件結構及其軟件設計，其中，硬件控制系統主要包括三相全橋逆變電路、功率驅動電路、轉子位置檢測電路以及功率器件的保護電路等。在軟件設計中，充分利用TMS320F240 DSP芯片強大、高速的運算處理能力以及其片內集成的豐富的電機控制外圍部件（事件管理器、PWM產生電路、ADC轉換模塊等），運用反電動勢過零檢測法實現無位置傳感器電機的換相檢測和預定位開環換相起動法實現電機的正確起動。
關鍵詞:無刷直流電動機 TMS320F240 DSP
Abstract
    Not brushes the direct current machine most main application domain including each kind of vehicles' actuation, the automatic control gate and the window actuation, the small integrated water pump's actuation, the automatic weapon actuation, the computer auxiliary equipment and acoustic film and television equipment's actuation, domestic electric appliances' actuation and so on. This digital not brushes the direct current machine control system, uses the non-position transducer to use the software design to obtain the rotor position signal the counter electromotive force law and the related pre-localization split-ring phase change method of starting, thus replaces the mechanical position transducer's function, overcame the mechanical position transducer for not to brush many adverse effects which the direct current machine brought, simplified the entire control system's structural design, thus not only reduced the cost, moreover enhanced system's reliability, therefore this design caused not to brush the direct current machine to have the good practical significance and the broad application prospect in its application domain. This article studies the content is one chip design not brushes the direct current machine numerical control system based on TMS320F240 the DSP. As a result of the DSP chip's fast operational capability, may realize is more complex, a more intellectualized algorithm, may carry on the system upgrade and the expansion through the high speed network interface, may realize the position, the speed and the electric current link's entire numerical control.
    This article according to not brushes direct current motor's most major characteristic--Has substituted the mechanical commutation structure which by the electronic commutation line is composed of the commutator and the electronics brush, has studied one kind of non-position transducer with emphasis, but with the aid of gains the rotor position signal method - - counter electromotive force zero crossing detection law as well as with its related pre-localization split-ring phase change method of starting in the DSP formidable function with the software design, thus has replaced the mechanical position transducer's function, overcame the mechanical position transducer's existence for not to brush many adverse effects which the direct current machine brought, simplified the entire control system's structural design, not only reduced the cost, moreover enhanced system's reliability.
The     entire chapter article has mainly analyzed the entire control system's hardware architecture and the software design, the hardware control system mainly includes the three-phase entire bridge inversion electric circuit, the power driving circuit, the rotor position examination electric circuit as well as the power component's protection circuit and so on. In the software design, fully using TMS320F240 the DSP chip formidable, high speed operation handling ability as well as its internal integration's rich motor control periphery part (event supervisor, PWM produces electric circuit, ADC transformation module and so on), realizes the non-position transducer electrical machinery's phase change examination and the pre-localization split-ring phase change method of starting using the counter electromotive force zero crossing detection law realizes electrical machinery's correct starting.
key word: Not brushes direct current motor TMS320F240 DSP