小型風光互補路燈控制器設計

電子機電論文編號:JD570 附原理圖,論文字數:23372,頁數:48

目   錄
1  緒論 …………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1我國太陽能、風能發電的發展趨勢 ………………………………………………2
1.2 本課題的目的和任務………………………………………………………………3
2  風光互補發電系統中風、光工作原理 ……………………………………………4
2.1 風力發電系統工作原理……………………………………………………………4
2.2 光伏發電原理………………………………………………………………………5
3  風光互補發電系統中蓄電池工作原理 ……………………………………………6
3.1 鉛蓄電池電化學特性………………………………………………………………6
3.2 蓄電池的工作特性…………………………………………………………………7
3.3 蓄電池工作溫度影響………………………………………………………………7
3.4 鉛蓄電池工作狀態…………………………………………………………………8
3.5 蓄電池充電控制策略………………………………………………………………9
3.6 蓄電池參數檢測電路………………………………………………………………9
4  控制器硬件部分及外圍電路設計 …………………………………………………10
4.1 AT89C51系列單片機簡介 …………………………………………………………12
4.2 復位電路……………………………………………………………………………15
4.3 芯片擦除……………………………………………………………………………16
4.4 AT89C51的擴展電路 ………………………………………………………………17
4.5 按鍵及其接口設計…………………………………………………………………22
4.6 顯示電路的設計與介紹……………………………………………………………24
 4.7 A/D轉換器及外圍電路 ……………………………………………………………26
5 控制系統軟件設計部分………………………………………………………………28
5.1 主程序流程…………………………………………………………………………28
5.2 蓄電池充電控制流程………………………………………………………………28
5.3 路燈定時控制………………………………………………………………………34
5.4 顯示及鍵盤子程序設計……………………………………………………………35
6 系統的硬件抗干擾設計………………………………………………………………36
6.1 抗干擾概述…………………………………………………………………………36
6.2 防干擾措施…………………………………………………………………………37
結論………………………………………………………………………………………38
致謝………………………………………………………………………………………39
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………40
附錄A 硬件原理圖………………………………………………………………………41
附錄B 程序清單…………………………………………………………………………42

 摘 要
可再生能源的綜合利用對我國社會經濟的可持續發展和環境保護起著重要的作用。太陽能和風能是可再生能源中利用比較廣泛的兩種。太陽能和風能在資源條件和技術應用上都有很好的互補特性。由于風能和太陽能的隨機性、間歇性，為滿足穩定、持續的給路燈供電的需要，一般需加入蓄電池儲能環節。小型風光互補路燈控制器可研究的內容很多，此文主要有以下特點:
(1) 報告了風光互補發電技術中風能、太陽能的利用現狀；
（2）介紹了蓄電池的充放電原理；
(3)以AT89C51單片機為控制芯片，通過系統軟件控制蓄電池充放電；
（4）以AT89C51單片機為控制芯片，通過系統軟件控制路燈運行。
由于小型風光互補路燈控制器的結構復雜，影響運行控制的因素很多，此文只著重考慮了在整個風光互補系統的經濟性、可靠性的基礎上進行蓄電池充放電控制系統和路燈控制系統的研究，為小型風光互補路燈控制器運行控制的深入研究和控制系統的不斷完善提供了參考。

關鍵詞  路燈控制器 蓄電池充放電控制 風光互補 可再生能源
Title   Mini-type Road Lamp Controller with Hybrid Wind and Solar Power Supply System

Abstract
The compound utilization of renewable energy resources is an effective way both to the sustainable development strategy practice and environmental protection in our country. Solar and wind energy are two kinds of widely used renewable resources which are of mutual complementary characteristics both in resources condition and technical application. Generally, it is necessary to add energy-saving steps such as battery for the random and intermittence feature of the wind and solar energy to meet the requirement of stable and continuous power consumption in daily life and production. There are many things to be studied in the system. The paper is of following characteristics:
 (1) Report the development of the application of wind and solar on hybrid wind/solar generation system ;
 (2) Introduce the theory of battery charging and discharging ;
(3) Realize the control to battery charging and discharging through the system software by using AT89C51 single chip computer as control chip;
 (4) Carry on the research on lamp controller through the system software by using AT89C51 single chip computer as control chip;
However, there are lots of other factors affect the control effect for the complicated structure of the wind/solar hybrid generation controller, thinking about these factors, the paper emphasis only on the research of battery charging and discharging control system and the lamp control system on the basis of the economy and reliability .The paper makes some valuable suggestion which can help to perfect the control system in the further research.

Key Words :  lamp controller ; control of battery charging and discharging ;  wind/solar hybrid generation ; renewable resource