鍋爐液位控制系統

電子機電論文編號:JD946   論文字數:25006,頁數:51

 目錄

摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
1 前言……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 課題背景………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 國內外研究的現狀……………………………………………………………2
1.3 使用單片機實現供暖鍋爐溫度控制的優點…………………………………2
1.4  研究方案及預期結果………………………………………………………3
1.4.1 系統的建立…………………………………………………………………3
1.4.2 系統總體方案………………………………………………………………3
1.4.3 設計的研究進程……………………………………………………………4
2 系統硬件設計…………………………………………………………………5
2.1 核心芯片8051單片機………………………………………………………5
2.2 液位傳感器設計……………………………………………………………8
2.3 DAC0832 D/A 轉換器和ADC0809 A/D 轉換器…………………………10
2.3.1 D/A轉換 基本原理及特征………………………………………………11
2.3.2ADC0809轉換芯片………………………………………………………12
2.4鍵盤及顯示接口………………………………………………………………14
2.5 報警裝置……………………………………………………………………15
3 傳感器的選擇設計……………………………………………………………17
3.1液位傳感器的選擇……………………………………………………………17
3.1.1 光電式傳感器……………………………………………………………17
3.1.2 光電式傳感器的基本特征………………………………………………19
3.2 溫度式傳感器的選擇………………………………………………………22
3.3 壓電式傳感器的設計………………………………………………………23
3.3.1 壓電效應和陶瓷壓電式傳感器選取…………………………………… 23
3.3.2 壓電式傳感器的測量電路………………………………………………25
4 軟件的設計……………………………………………………………………28
5 技術經濟分析…………………………………………………………………34
6 結論……………………………………………………………………………35
致謝………………………………………………………………………………36
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………37
附錄 A 譯文……………………………………………………………………38
附錄 B 外文摘要………………………………………………………………42

摘要
   
 本文主要設計了一種鍋爐液位控制器，它以8051作為控制器，通過8051單片機，壓力傳感器和模數轉換器等硬件系統和軟件設計方法實現具有液位檢測報警和控制雙重功能，同時也具有壓力報警和顯示控制的功能,并對液位和壓力值進行顯示。
 本系統是基于單片機的水暖鍋爐控制，在設計中主要有水位檢測、溫度檢測、壓力檢測、按鍵控制、水位控制、顯示部分、故障報警等幾部分組成來實現供暖控制。主要用水位傳感器檢測水位，用光纖溫度傳感器來檢測水溫，用六個控制按鍵來實現按健控制，用三位7段LED顯示器來完成顯示部分，用變頻器來控制循環泵的轉速，用壓力傳感器檢測鍋爐內部壓力。并且通過模數轉換把這些信號送入單片機中。把這些信號與單片機中內部設定的值相比，以判斷單片機是否需要進行相應的操作，即是否需要開啟補水泵，來實現對液面的控制,從而實現單片機自動控制液面的目的。本設計用單片機控制易于實現鍋爐液位、溫度和壓力的控制,而且有造價低、程序易于調試、一部分出現故障不會影響其他部分的工作、維修方便、等優點。
關鍵詞：鍋爐; 8051單片機; 模數轉換; 水位控制; 自動控制

 
 Abstract

 Have introduced a kind of automobile muti_function warning apparatus based on single chip microcomputer. It can guard against the oil pressure of the lubricate system、atmospheric pressure of the braking system、temperature of the cool system、tyre owing to press and the thief of automobile, and to carry out automatic detection , and sends out the alarm signal when discovering unusual conditions .Have elaborated the design ideological、 hardware composition and software train of thought of the alarm system.
 The systemic design bases controller of CMS water heating of a boiler , it mostly makes up of measuring water level ,measuring a water temperature ,controlling a keys-press ,controlling a water temperature ,controlling water level ,controlling circulate ,controlling pressure ,showing a part ,giving an alarm order to realize heating controller ,the design adopts Single-Chip Microcomputer to control boiler heating .It mostly uses a temperature sensor to measure water temperature ,uses water level sensor to measure water level , uses a transducer to control cycle pump’s rotate speed ,uses five keys-press to control key-press ,uses three light-emitting diodes display to finish a display parts ,uses a transducer to control rotate speed of cycle pump ,uses a press transducer to measure press in the boiler .It sends those signals to SCM through modulus ,and hold those signals to compare with enactment in the SCM to judge whether SCM need to carry through relevant operation namely ,whether it needs to open a fan ,whether it needs to turn on a water pump ,whether it needs to quicken rotate speed of a cycle pump and so on .Consequently ,it finishes an aim of SCM auto-controller .The design makes use of the SCM to control boiler which is easy to realize boiler heating ,it is cheap to manufacture ,it is easy to debug its procedure .When a part is in trouble ,it does not infect others and it is
convenience to mend ,it is widely to use many of areas.
 Key words：Boiler; 8051 Single chip microcomputer ; Digital-to-analogue changes; water level control; Auto-control