摘 要
電子信息技術的快速發展使得各種各樣的電子產品不斷涌現，并朝著便攜和小型輕量化的趨勢發展，這也使得更多的電氣化產品采用基于電池的供電系統。目前，較多使用的電池有鎳鎘、鎳氫、鉛蓄電池和鋰電池，由于它們各自的優缺點使得它們在相當長的時期內將共存發展。由于不同類型的電池的充電特性不同，目前通常對不同類型，甚至不同電壓、容量等級的電池使用不同的充電器，這在實際使用中有諸多不便。本文設計了一種通用型的充電器，可使工作電壓范圍在4.7~16V;，電池電壓大于3V小于4.2V時用800mA恒流充電，電池電壓等于4.2V后用恒壓充電，電流逐漸減小到40mA時充電結束，并且充電時間控制在6~7小時。這個設計使用單片機對充電進行控制，并綜合使用定時控制、電壓控制和溫度控制來中止快速充電，確保不會因過充電而損傷電池。
下面是該設計的各個步驟：
首先，本文從鋰電池的基本工作原理及結構入手，提出對所設計的“鋰離子電池智能充電控制器”的設計背景及設計原理做一個總體的闡述。
其次，本文將概述智能充電器的基本原理和大體框架。并從充電器的原理入手，對整個設計做出總體的論述和分別介紹智能充電器的工作原理和工作過程。
再次，本文將講述充電器的核心部件－充電控制芯片的基本工作原理以及各種工作模式,并對每一種工作模式做詳細說明，并對芯片內部的電路分功能進行分析。
最后，運用該芯片組成智能充電器的硬件電路，包括電路中芯片外電子元件的具體選擇方法，再根據充電流程編寫軟件程序（匯編語言）。
關鍵詞：鋰離子電池，智能充電器，LTC1325，微處理器
The design of charger with aptitude brainpower
Capacity Abstract
With the development at full speed of electronic technology, especially the rapid development of portable electronic productions and the higher quality of power supply, research of the charger with aptitude brainpower has to face challenge. Thus it can be seen a great space of development for this kind of charger.
Firstly, start with fundamentals and structures of lithium, this text will make concrete demands for the charger.
Secondly, this text will summarize the charger’s basic principles and general structures. With principles of charger, it will make a preliminary orientation for the whole design.
Thirdly, it will give an account of basic working principles and different working models of the core part of the charger---controlling chip(IC). Also, it will explain in detail every kind of working model and analyze function of electric circuit in the IC.
Finally, it will program assembly language in the light of charger’s process and with the help of hardware circuit of the charger’s chip, including concrete select of electronic components out of the chip and in the circuit. In appendix, this text will also provide some necessary parameters and dictate instructs of the chip for reference and for programming software.
Key words: li-ion battery, charger with aptitude brainpower capacity, LTC1325, microprocessor
