鋰電池智能充電器設計

電子機電論文編號:JD1011  論文字數:17736,頁數:48,有原理圖，PCB文件

目    錄

摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究背景 1
1.2 充電器功能描述 2
1.3 本文內容結構 3
第2章 系統結構與技術參數 4
2.1 系統設計框架 4
2.2 鋰離子電池充電原理 5
2.2.1 鋰離子電池基本特性 5
2.2.2 鋰離子電池放電特性 5
2.2.3 鋰離子電池充電特性 6
2.3 鋰電池充電方法 7
2.3.1 恒流充電 7
2.3.2 恒壓充電 8
2.3.3 恒流恒壓充電 8
2.3.4 脈沖充電 9
2.4 系統技術參數 10
2.4.1 充電曲線分析 10
2.4.2 系統參數設定 10
2.5 設計工具介紹 10
2.5.1 Protel DXP 2004 10
2.5.2  IAR Workbench 12
第3章 充電器硬件設計 13
3.1 MSP430單片機 13
3.1.1 單片機介紹 13
3.1.2 單片機選型 14
3.2 硬件功能模塊 16
3.2.1 單片機基本電路 16
3.2.2  LCD顯示電路 16
3.2.3 電壓和電流采樣電路 18
3.2.4 開關控制電路 19
3.2.5 鍵盤功能電路 20
3.3 系統電路圖繪制 21
3.3.1 繪制原理圖 21
3.3.2 繪制PCB圖 26
第4章 充電器軟件設計 29
4.1 系統軟件總結構 29
4.2 系統主流程設計 30
4.3 充電子模塊設計 31
4.3.1 電池檢測模塊 32
4.3.2 預充電模塊 32
4.3.3 快速充電模塊 32
4.3.4 涓流充電模塊 33
4.3.5 LCD驅動模塊 33
4.3.6 PWM模塊 35
4.3.7 A/D轉換模塊 37
第5章 總結 41
5.1 成果和收獲 41
5.2 系統改進方案 41
參考文獻 42
致謝 43
附錄A:英文原文 44
附錄B:漢語翻譯 51
附錄C:系統總電路圖 57 

摘 要

 鋰離子 (Li—Ion)電池因其比能量高、自放電小等優點，成為電子設備的理想電源。近年來，隨著便攜式電子產品如MP3、手機和微型智能儀器儀表產品的普及，鋰電池對電源系統的要求也日益提高。為此，研發性能穩定、安全可靠、高效經濟的鋰電池充電器顯得尤為重要。
 本文在綜合考慮電池安全充電的成本、設計效率及重要性的基礎上，利用 MSP430微控制器實現鋰離子電池充電器的原理和方法。MSP430系列單片機由于其超低功耗，性能強大，穩定性好等多方面優點成為本次設計的首選芯片。硬件上設計了開關電路、電壓電流采樣電路、顯示電路，并繪制出電路原理圖和PCB圖，軟件上提出了充電器的編程方案。PWM 控制的單片開關電源式鋰電池充電器，有效地克服了一般充電、充電不足、效率低的缺點，該充電器對充電過程進行全面管理，可完成預充電、快速充電和涓流充電的基本充電功能和電池安全監測功能以及顯示功能，實現了智能化充電，且保證了充電效果。該方案設計靈活，可滿足多種型號的鋰電池充電需求，且MSP430單片機集成化的閃存使其便于軟件調試與升級。
 
 關鍵詞：鋰電池；充電器；MSP430單片機；開關電源 
 
  

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries because of their high specific energy, the advantages of small self-discharge, become an ideal electronic devices power. In recent years, as portable electronic products such as MP3, mobile phones and smart micro-universal instrumentation products, lithium-ion battery power system for the increasing demands.  So, the design of stable, safe, reliable, high-performance lithium battery charger is particularly important.
In this paper, taking into account the cost of charging the battery safety, efficiency and the importance of design, based on the MSP430 microcontroller using Li-Ion battery charger to achieve the principles and methods. MSP430 family of single chip because of its ultra-low power consumption, powerful performance, the advantages of good stability and so become the first choice for the design of the chip. The design of the switch hardware circuits, voltage and current sampling circuit, display circuit, and draw schematic and PCB circuit diagram, bring out a software program programming charger.PWM-controlled single-chip switching power supply lithium-ion battery chargers, effectively overcome the general charge, under-charging, low efficiency of the shortcomings, the charger for charging the overall management process, To be completed by pre-charge, fast charge and trickle charge function of the basic charge and battery safety monitoring functions and display functions, the realization of the intelligent charging, and to ensure that the charging effect .The program designed with the flexibility to meet a variety of models of the demand for rechargeable lithium batteries, and integrated single-chip MSP430 flash memory make it easy to debug and upgrade software. 

Keywords: lithium battery; charger; MSP430 single chip; switching power supply.