火災自動監控報警系統設計

電子機電論文編號:JD1013  論文字數:24112,頁數:52

目 錄
 第1章 緒 論 1
1.1概述 1
1.2火災報警技術及現場總線技術的發展 1
 第2章 方案論證 3
2.1 CAN總線的特點 3
2.2系統總體方案設計 4
 2.2.1系統總體硬件結構設計 4
 2.2.2系統總體軟件結構設計 6
 第3章 系統硬件電路的設計 7
3.1火災探測器的設計 7
 3.1.1溫度探測器 7
 3.1.2離子感煙式火災探測器 9
 3.1.3氣體探測器 11
3.2 AT89C51單片機的設計 11
3.3 復位及看門狗電路 15
3.4時鐘電路的設計 17
3.5單片機存儲器的擴展 18
3.6電源電路的的設計 21
3.7報警電路 23
3.8現場總線接口電路的設計 24
 3.8.1CAN總線 24
 3.8.2 CAN收發器82C250簡介 25
 3.8.3 SJA1000的功能介紹 26
 3.8.4 SJA1000引腳和特性 27
 3.8.5 SJA1000的增強模式 29
 3.8.6驗收濾波器的原理 31
3.9 CAN總線接口硬件設計 32
3.10 RS-232C串行接口總線設計 34
3.11硬件抗干擾措施 37
 第4章 系統軟件電路的設計 38
4.1主程序流程圖 38
4.2控制器主程序流程圖 39
4.3溫度傳感器子程序流程圖 39
4.4 CAN總線接口程序流程圖 41
4.4系統軟件抗干擾措施 43
 第5章 結 論 44
 參考文獻 45
 致 謝 46
 附 錄Ⅰ 外文及原文 47
 附 錄Ⅱ 原理圖 57
 附 錄Ⅲ 程序 59 

摘 要
 本設計是以單片機AT89C51為主控制器，通過CAN總線組建的通信網絡進行數據傳送的火災自動監控報警系統。
 現場總線接口卡由CAN總線控制器SJA1000，總線驅動器PCA82C250組成，系統上位機通信主要由CAN-RS232通信接口組成。RS232適配卡由轉換芯片MAX232搭建，MAX232是AXIM公司生產的CONTENT GOES HERE (simpl一種雙組驅動/接收器芯片，采用此芯片接口的串行通信系統只需單一的+5V電源即可。
 信號采集控制節點部分主要有溫度傳感器DS18B20和離子式煙霧探測器實現系統的數據采集，節點控制器選擇ATM公司生產的單片機AT89C51。節點控制器可以通過單線驅動溫度傳感器和煙霧傳感器，形成復合式信號采集控制系統。
 基于CAN總線的火災自動監控報警系統，設計的關鍵在于CAN總線與現場節點控制器適配卡的軟、硬件設計；上位機（PC機）和下位機（節點控制器）間CAN-RS232通信適配卡設計；信號采集控制節點設計。
 通過實際運行表明，該系統具有容量大、通信距離遠、數據傳輸速度快、組網方便等優點。基于現場總線的火災自動監控報警系統有著廣泛的市場應用前景，是火災探測報警技術的發展方向。
 
 關鍵詞：CAN總線；煙霧傳感器；溫度傳感器；AT89C51
 
 
Abstract
 This design uses the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C51 as the primary controller, sets up the correspondence network through the CAN-BUS to carry on the data transfer the fire automatic monitoring alarm system.
 The fieldbus connection card is composed of CAN-BUS controller SJA1000 and the bus driver PCA82C250. The up-PC communication of the system is mainly composed of CAN-RS232 communicate connection. The RS-232 adaptation card is built by the transformation chip MAX232, MAX232 is a double drivers/receivers chip made by AXIM enterprise, the serial communication system which uses this chip only needs a +5V power.
 The system signal collecting node part mainly uses temperature sensor DS18B20 and ionic smog detector to realize the data collecting of the system, the node controller takes the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C51 made by ATM enterprise.   The node controller may form the compound expression signal collecting system, using the single track drove temperature sensor and the smog sensor.
 Taking the CAN —BUS as the foundation automatic control system, the key problem of the system are the software and hardware designs of the Fieldbus and field node controller adaptation card; the design of CAN-RS232 communication adaptation card between up-PC (PC) and down-PC (node controller);the design of the signal collecting control node.
 Through the actual running, it indicates that this system has a large capacity; far communicate distance, quick data transmission, and convenient forming net. The system based on the fieldbus has a widespread market application prospect; it is the development direction of the fire automatic monitoring alarm technology.

 Key words：CAN-BUS；Smoke sensor；Temperatures；AT89C51