基于單片機的自動化點焊控制系統

電子機電論文編號:JD1022  論文字數:16279,頁數:35 

目 錄

 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………(1)
設計要求………………………………………………………………………………(1)
1.1技術概要…………………………………………………………………………(1)
1.2 系統實現功能…………………………………………………………………(1)
 設計原理……………………………………………………………………………(2)
 2.1 硬件設計及實現………………………………………………………………(2)
 2.1.1 結構框圖…………………………………………………………………(2)
 2.1.2 中央處理單元……………………………………………………………(3)
           2.1.2.1 MCU的管腳圖…………………………………………(3)
 2.1.2.2 MCU與電源………………………………………………………(3)
           2.1.2.3 MCU與晶振…………………………………………(4)
           2.1.2.4 MCU與接近開關……………………………………(4)
           2.1.2.5 MCU與步進電機……………………………………(5)
 2.1.3 反饋單元…………………………………………………………………(6)
 2.1.4 焊接單元…………………………………………………………………(6)
 2.1.5 按鍵控制單元……………………………………………………………(7)
 2.1.6 液晶顯示單元……………………………………………………………(8)
 2.2 界面設計與實現…………………………………………………………(9)
 2.2.1按鍵分布與功能說明……………………………………………………(9)
       2.2.1.1按鍵分布圖……………………………………………………(9)
       2.2.1.1按鍵功能說明…………………………………………………(9)
 2.2.2界面顯示與按鍵操作……………………………………………………(9)
 2.2.2.1 界面關系圖……………………………………………………(9)
 2.2.2.2 主界面………………………………………………………(10)
       2.2.2.3 采點時的選點界面…………………………………………(11)
          2.2.2.4采點顯示界面………………………………………………(11)
       2.2.2.5 設置時的選擇界面…………………………………………(12)
       2.2.2.6 焊點選擇界面………………………………………………(12)
 2.2.2.7 焊點參數設置界面…………………………………………（13)
 2.2.2.8 汽缸選擇界面………………………………………………(13)
          2.2.2.9 汽缸參數設置界面………………………………………(14)
          2.2.2.10 操作界面………………………………………………(15)
          2.2.2.11 復位界面………………………………………………(15)
2.3軟件設計及實現………………………………………………………………(16)
 2.3.1軟件功能…………………………………………………………………(16)
 2.3.2重要程序設計舉例………………………………………………………(16)
        2.3.2.1 按鍵程序設計……………………………………………(16)  
               2.3.2.2 液晶顯示程序設計……………………………(16)
              2.3.2.3 電機和汽缸運的程序設計………………………(18)
        2.3.3軟件程序流程圖設計………………………………………(19)
3 設計總結………………………………………………………………………(19)
 3.1設計成果……………………………………………………………………(19)
 3.2 設計中的不足以及改進方向……………………………………………(19)
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………(20)
附錄A………………………………………………………………………………(21)
附錄B ……………………………………………………………………………(23)
附錄C ……………………………………………………………………………(26)

摘 要

 點焊在汽車制造業和其他一些需要精密焊接的領域中發揮著重要作用。在許多沒有實現自動化焊接的工業領域，采用了大量的人工焊接的方法。由于人工操作的隨機性，漏點、漏焊現象時有發生。這又需要增加大量的品質人員，以便對點焊質量進行檢查和巡查。采用單片機實現焊接控制的自動化，可以有效地改變這一現狀，減少人力并提高焊接質量。
 本研究根據上海保隆汽車科技股份有限公司對自己生產線上焊接工藝進行改進的要求，采用位移傳感器，X/Y軸步進電機等器件，和單片機一起構成閉環控制系統，完成了自動化點焊控制系統的軟件和硬件設計，為公司節省成本和人力資源，提高焊接質量和效率，創造了可觀的經濟效益。
 本文著重論述了界面設計和相關程序的編寫.主要采用單片機技術、液晶顯示（LCD）技術、脈寬調制（PWM）技術,完成焊接操作機的數字控制和自動化焊接,實現焊點的精確定位與界面程序的編寫。  
 
 
【關鍵詞】 點焊   自動化   閉環控制  液晶顯示（LCD）  脈寬調制（PWM）

MCU-based automatic
control system for spot-welding

Abstract

 Spot-welding in the automotive manufacturing and other areas of needing exact welding plays an important role. There is no automatic welding in many industrial areas of welding, using a large number of methods with manual welding. Because of the randomicity in the manual operation, the phenomenon of leak and leakage in the welding occur from time to time. And again, this needs to increase a large number of personnel who examine product qualities, to carry out spot checks and inspections of the quality. Adopting single-chip computer control to achieve welding automation is an effective way to change this status quo, to reduce the manpower and improve the welding quality.
  In this study, according to the request for their production lines to improve the welding process in Shanghai Baolong Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., the components of displacement sensors, X / Y-axis stepper motor devices and so on, constitute a closed-loop control system with single-chip computer. And we use them to complete the software and hardware designs of the automated spot-welding control system ,in order to save costs & human resources for the company, to improve the quality and efficiency of welding, thus creating a considerable economic benefits.
  This article focuses on the interface design and related procedures for the preparation. Mainly we have adopted single-chip technology, liquid crystal display（LCD）technology and pulse width modulation（PWM）technology to complete the digital control and automatic welding with the welding operation machine, to achieve precise position of the solder joint and to write interface procedures.
 
 
【Key words】
  spot-welding        automation     closed-loop control
 liquid crystal display（LCD）        pulse width modulation（PWM）