基于單片機的恒壓供水系統的設計

電子機電論文編號:JD1040   論文字數:28848,頁數:68  有開題報告，任務書，文獻綜述

目    錄

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………….I
Abstract…..……………………………………………………………………………II
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………………………...1
 1.1課題的現狀與發展前景 …………………………………………………...2
 1.2課題的目的與意義 ………………………………………………………...2
第二章 硬件設計 …………………………………………………………………...4
    2.1控制要求 …………………………………………………………………...4
    2.2系統原理圖分析…………………………………………………………….4
    2.3恒壓供水原理分析………………………………………………………….4
 2.4變頻恒壓供水控制系統的硬件結構框圖………………………………….5
 2.5硬件電路設計……………………………………………………………….6
    2.5.1壓力信號采集系統設計………………………………………………6
    2.5.2 8031單片機………………………………………………………..….9
    2.5.3 A/D轉換電路………………………………………………………...14
    2.5.4 鍵盤電路及接口………………………………………………….….19
    2.5.5 LED顯示電路………………………………………………………...20
    2.5.6 D/A轉換電路…………………………………………………………23
    2.5.7 光電隔離電路………………………………………………………..27
    2.5.8 變頻器的選用………………………………………………………..28
第三章 軟件設計…………………………………………………………………....37
 3.1 控制算法分析……………………………………………………………...37
     3.1.1 PID控制算法………………………………………………………..37
     3.1.2 PID算法的程序框圖………………………………………………..38
 3.2 計算機實現………………………………………………………………...40
     3.2.1 程序流程…………………………………………………………....40
     3.2.2 鍵盤軟件設計……………………………………………………....40
    3.3 抗干擾軟件設計…………………………………………………………...42
 3.4 軟件調試 ..…………………………………………………………….….43
 3.5 單元電路子程序…………………………………………………………..43
第四章 抗干擾設計………………………………………………………………...44
 4.1 單片機的抗干擾設計……………………………………………………..44
     4.1.1 MAX813芯片………………………………………………………44
 4.1.2 抗干擾電路設計………………...…………………………………46
        4.2.1 基本原理………………………………………………………….. 45
        4.2.2 硬件電路設計……………………………………………………...45
 4.2 變頻器的抗干擾設計……………………………………………………48
        4.2.1 變頻器的基本控制回路…………………………………………...48
        4.2.2 干擾的基本類型及抗干擾措施…………………………………...48
        4.2.3 其他注意事項……………………………………………………...49
第五章 設計體會…………………………………………………………………...50
結束語……………………………………………………………………………… 51
致謝………………………………………………………………………………… 52
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………….53
附錄………………………………………………………………………………….54

基于單片機的變頻恒壓供水控制系統的設計

摘要：在居民生活用水、工業用水、各類自來水廠、油田、油庫、鍋爐、定壓供熱和恒壓補水噴淋及消防等供水系統中，依舊采用傳統老式的水塔、高位水箱、氣壓增壓等設備，不但占地面積和設備投資巨大，維護困難，而且不能滿足高層建筑、工業、消防等高水壓、大流量的快速供水需求。同時，由于供水量的隨機性，采用傳統控制方法，難以保證供水壓力的恒定和實時供水，造成能量浪費嚴重。為解決這一問題，本課題設計了一種新型恒壓變頻供水自動控制系統。該系統以8031單片機為核心，采用改進的PID算法，硬件部分采用高精度、高穩定的信號采集、傳輸、處理系統，并且設置有人機對話功能，方便對系統工作的監控。為提高系統的抗干擾能力和運行的穩定性，系統利用MAX813L芯片，實現了單片機系統的看門狗電路、電源故障監控和復位電路，使系統更加緊湊。本文闡述了系統的控制要求，分析了系統的工作原理和工作過程，給出了各部分硬件設計過程及其相關電路，軟件設計過程，控制算法實現流程圖，著重說明了PID算法在單片機上的實現方法，同時闡述了系統的工作特點，實驗證明這是一種經濟實用的先進控制技術。

關鍵詞：單片機，變頻器，PID，恒壓變頻供水

The Supply Water Control System of Variable Frequency And Constant Pressure Based on Single-chip Computer

Abstract: In resident live with the water, the water supply of industry use, various waterworks, oil-field, oil depot, boiler, settle press provide hotly with constant press repair water spray pour and fire fight etc. Supply water system, the water tower of the traditional old style in as of old adoption, the high a water tank, air pressure increases to press to waits the equipments, not only cover the area to invest bigness with the equipments, maintenance difficulty, but also can't satisfy the high building, the fast water supply of the high water pressure, big discharge in etching industry,the need of fire fight.At the same time, because of supplying water the deal of with machine, adoption tradition control method, and is hard to guarantee the constant of the water supply pressure settle with solid the hour supplies water, resulting in energy wasted serious.For resolving this problem, this lesson designed a kind of new constant presses to change the frequency supplies water the auto the control the system.That system with 8031 Single-chip Computer, the calculate way of PID of the adoption improvement, the hardware part adopts the high accuracy, high and stable signal collect, deliver, handles the system, and establishes someone or other machine dialogue function, the convenience works to the system of supervise and control.For anti- interference ability that increases system with the stability of the movement, the system makes use of a watchdog for, realizes single a machine system electric circuit, power supply breaks down to supervise and control with reply an electric circuit, making the system is more the tightly packed.This text expatiated the control of the system requests, analyzing the work principle of the system with work process, gave each parts of hardwares design process and its related electric circuits, software design process, control the calculate way realizes flow chart, emphasized to explain the calculate way of PID in the single a work for on boardly realizing method, at the same time expatiating system characteristics, experiment proof this is a kind of economic practical forerunner control technique.

Key Words: Single-chip Computer, variable Frequency, PID the supply water control system of variable frequency and constant pressure