直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

電子機(jī)電論文編號(hào):JD1050   論文字?jǐn)?shù):15208,頁(yè)數(shù):49

目錄
目錄 I
[摘要] I
[Abstract] II
前    言 III
1. 選題背景 1
1.1來(lái)源和目的 1
1.1.2畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）研究目的和意義： 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.2.1 電機(jī)國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.3直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 3
2.系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)和方案論證 4
2.1總體設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.3方案論證 4
2.3.1脈沖測(cè)速方法的選擇 4
2.3.2 PWM方法的選擇 5
3.直流電機(jī)的特性及原理 7
3.1直流電機(jī)的主要結(jié)構(gòu) 7
3.1.1定子部分 7
3.1.2轉(zhuǎn)子部分 8
3.1.3氣隙 8
3.2直流電機(jī)的原理 9
3.2.1直流電機(jī)的基本工作原理 9
4.控制部分設(shè)計(jì) 12
4.1 89C51單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 12
4. 1. 1 89C51單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部組成與基本結(jié)構(gòu) 12
4. 1. 2 引腳功能 13
4. 1. 3 89C51單片機(jī)的存儲(chǔ)器結(jié)構(gòu) 15
4. 2  89C51單片機(jī)的中斷系統(tǒng) 16
4.2.１　中斷申請(qǐng)與控制 16
4.2.2 中斷響應(yīng) 17
4. 3  89C51單片機(jī)的定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù) 18
4.4 PWM波形控制原理 18
4.4.1PWM控制原理 18
5.硬件設(shè)計(jì) 20
5.1電機(jī)速度檢測(cè)模塊 20
5.3功能指示燈電路及接口模塊 22
5.4電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊 23
5.5轉(zhuǎn)速顯示模塊 24
6.軟件設(shè)計(jì)思路 25
6.1主程序流程圖 25
6.2速度采樣程序流程圖 25
6.3鍵盤掃描主程序（int0） 26
6.4具體功能流程圖 27
總 結(jié) 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 28

附錄1：硬件連接 30
附錄2：源程序 31

[摘要]由于直流電機(jī)具有起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)距大，體積小，重量輕，轉(zhuǎn)距和轉(zhuǎn)速容易控制以及效率高等十分優(yōu)良的特性。本文針對(duì)直流電機(jī)的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)自動(dòng)控制原理，采用PWM控制方式，設(shè)計(jì)了直流調(diào)速脈寬調(diào)速系統(tǒng)以更好地控制直流電機(jī)的速度。
 本文介紹了基于單片機(jī)用PWM實(shí)現(xiàn)直流電機(jī)調(diào)整的基本方法，直流電機(jī)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，及PWM調(diào)整的基本原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。重點(diǎn)介紹了基于89C51單片機(jī)的用軟件產(chǎn)生PWM信號(hào)的途徑，并介紹了PWM占空比調(diào)節(jié)的方法。對(duì)于直流電機(jī)速度控制系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了一種有效途徑。
 系統(tǒng)以89C51單片機(jī)為核心，以小直流電機(jī)為控制對(duì)象，實(shí)現(xiàn)速度單閉環(huán)，PID控制，方便的人機(jī)對(duì)話接口，用鍵盤輸入有關(guān)控制信號(hào)及參數(shù)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的啟制動(dòng)，正反轉(zhuǎn)，速度調(diào)節(jié)，并在LED上實(shí)時(shí)顯示是如參數(shù)及動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)速，采用單片機(jī)控制取代了以往的模擬控制，無(wú)零點(diǎn)漂移，使控制精度更高，而且方便系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)和升級(jí)，靈活性和適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)。
 [關(guān)鍵詞]單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)   PWM   直流電機(jī)調(diào)速
                                                Direct current machine speed control system design
 This paper introduces a kind of method of DC-motor speed modification based on PWM theory by the SCM. Showing some relative knowledge upon the DC-motor timing,the basic theory and the way to implement. And it emphasizes on the way or carrying out PWM signals based on MCS-51.  This paper still provides a method for modifying the speed of DC-motor by way of taking count of data and time delay by software. It offers a sort of efficient method for the DC motor speed-controlling system.
 A kind of PWM direct current motor speeding control system was introduced based on Singic Chip Micyoco control. Taking 89C51 Single Chip Micyoco as core and the little direct current motor as control object,the single closed loop speed control were realized. In the convenient man-machine interaction interface, the contol signal and parameter were iputted with keybaord so that the start and brake of motor,pros and cons turn and speed regulation were also realized. The input parameter and dynamic rotational speed can be shown on LED with real time. The former simulated control was replaced by Single Chip Micymoco control, which not only made the control precision higher without zero shift,but also facilitated the systematic improvement and upgrading,with flecibility and adaptability enhenced.
 
 Key words: SCM   PWM   DC-motor speed modification